Comparison of C- and L-band simulated compact polarized SAR in oil spill detection

doi:10.1007/s11707-018-0733-9

Front. Earth Sci.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (2) : 351-360 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-018-0733-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Comparison of C- and L-band simulated compact polarized SAR in oil spill detection

Xiaochen WANG^1,^2,³, Yun SHAO^1,^2,³, Fengli ZHANG^1,^2,³(

), Wei TIAN^1,^2,³

¹. Laboratory of Target Microwave Properties, Deqing Academy of Satellite Applications, Huzhou 313200, China
². Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Abstract

This paper presents the compact polarized (CP) pseudo quad-pol parameters for the detection of marine oil spills and segregation of lookalikes using simulated CP SAR data from full-polarized (FP) SAR imagery. According to the CP theory, 11 polarized parameters generally used for the detection of oil spills were derived from reconstructed pseudo quad-pol data for both C and L bands. In addition, the reconstruction performance between C and L bands was also compared by evaluating the reconstruction accuracy of retrieved polarized parameters. The results show that apart from $σ HV$ and $R H$ , other polarized parameters of $σ HH$ , $σ VV$ , $H$ , $α$ , $ϕ H−V$ , $r$ , $ρ H−V$ , and $γ$ can be reconstructed with satisfactory accuracy for both C and L bands. Furthermore, C band has a higher reconstruction accuracy than L band, especially for $ϕ H−V$ . Moreover, the effect of reconstruction of polarized parameters on oil spill classification was also evaluated using the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method. According to the evaluation of kappa coefficients and mapping accuracy, it is recommended to use $σ HH$ , $σ VV$ , $H$ , $ρ H−V$ , and $γ$ of the C band CP SAR for marine oil spill classification.

Keywords compact polarized reconstruction oil spill classification

Corresponding Author(s): Fengli ZHANG

Just Accepted Date: 29 November 2018 Online First Date: 03 January 2019 Issue Date: 16 May 2019

Cite this article:

Xiaochen WANG,Yun SHAO,Fengli ZHANG, et al. Comparison of C- and L-band simulated compact polarized SAR in oil spill detection[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2019, 13(2): 351-360.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-018-0733-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2019/V13/I2/351

Fig.1 Flowchart of pseudo quad-pol data reconstruction.

Tab.1 Radar parameters of quad-polarized data used for this study

Fig.2 Location of oil spills and segregation of lookalikes in SAR imagery. (a) C-band RADADSAT-2 quad-polarized SAR imagery, acquisition in 2016-7-7, Yellow Sea, China. (b) L-band ALOS PALSAR quad-polarized SAR imagery, acquisition in 2007-12-11, Cheonsu Bay, South Korea.

Polarized parameters	Definition
Backscattering coefficient	$σ HH 0 = 〈 S HH S HH * 〉$ , $σ VV 0 = 〈 S VV S VV * 〉$ , $σ HV 0 = 〈 S HV S HV * 〉$
Entropy	$H = ∑ i = 1 3 − p i log ? 3 p i$ $(p i = λ i / ∑ j = 1 3 λ j)$ , $λ i$ is the i^th eigenvalue of coherency matrix $[T]$
Scattering angle	$α = p 1 α 1 + p 2 α 2 + p 3 α 3$ , $α i$ is derived from the i^th eigenvalue of coherency matrix $[T]$
Reference height	$R H = λ 3 λ 1$
Co-polarized phase difference	$φ H-V = ∠ 〈 S HH S VV * 〉$
Co-polarized power ratio	$r = 〈 \| S HH \| 2 〉 〈 \| S VV \| 2 〉$
Co-polarized correlation	$ρ H-V = \| 〈 S HH S VV * 〉 \| / \| S HH \| \| S VV \|$
Conformity coefficient	$γ = 2 (R e (S HH S VV *)-\| S HV \| 2) (\| S HH \| 2 + 2 \| S HV \| 2 + \| S VV \| 2)$

Tab.2 Polarized parameters used in this paper

Fig.3 Reconstruction performance for HH, HV, and VV channels. (a) HH channel of C band; (b) HH channel of L band; (c) HV channel of C band; (d) HV channel of L band; (e) VV channel of C band; (f) VV channel of L band.

Band	Parameter	Ocean surface features			Average accuracy
Band	Parameter	Ocean	Oil spills	Lookalikes	Average accuracy
C	$σ HH$	0.004	0.056	0.023	0.027
L	$σ HH$	0.071	0.106	0.038	0.071
C	$σ HV$	0.905	1.494	0.765	1.054
L	$σ HV$	0.442	6.870	0.555	2.622
C	$σ VV$	0.006	0.048	0.002	0.056
L	$σ VV$	0.075	0.158	0.046	0.093
C	$H$	0.081	0.227	0.025	0.111
L	$H$	0.007	0.437	0.080	0.174
C	$α$	0.004	0.067	0.013	0.028
L	$α$	0.045	0.112	0.021	0.059
C	$R H$	0.894	2.532	0.636	1.354
L	$R H$	0.175	10.639	1.092	3.968
C	$φ H-V$	0.110	0.182	0.324	0.205
L	$φ H-V$	0.421	0.576	0.834	0.610
C	$r$	0.034	0.211	0.003	0.086
L	$r$	0.149	0.104	0.068	0.107
C	$ρ H-V$	0.012	0.160	0.034	0.068
L	$ρ H-V$	0.007	0.220	0.004	0.077
C	$γ$	0.002	0.428	0.012	0.147
L	$γ$	0.011	0.628	0.008	0.215

Tab.3 Comparison of polarized parameters between C- and L-bands

Band	Parameter	Ocean surface features			Kappa coefficient	Mapping accuracy/%
Band	Parameter	Ocean	Oil spills	Lookalikes	Kappa coefficient	Mapping accuracy/%
C	$σ HH$	0.0327	0.0027	0.0107	0.6799	80.6
L	$σ HH$	2.155	0.1449	0.6838	0.5509	68.4
C	$σ VV$	0.0445	0.0037	0.0146	0.7028	82.1
L	$σ VV$	2.056	0.1344	0.7161	0.5721	70.1
C	$H$	0.1060	0.6956	0.2192	0.7251	84.4
L	$H$	0.1885	0.8340	0.2910	0.4428	63.5
C	$α$	49.43	54.23	49.26	0.2315	52.1
L	$α$	44.44	50.73	45.96	0.2467	48.3
C	$φ H-V$	0.0243	0.0197	0.1533	0.0917	49.2
L	$φ H-V$	0.0726	0.0466	0.0056	0.2591	48.9
C	$r$	0.7374	0.7551	0.7614	0.2364	50.6
L	$r$	1.0516	1.0997	0.9635	0.1217	46.1
C	$ρ H-V$	0.9510	0.4873	0.8803	0.7171	84.1
L	$ρ H-V$	0.9044	0.3761	0.8377	0.4450	63.6
C	$γ$	0.9360	0.2864	0.8576	0.7313	84.9
L	$γ$	0.8946	0.1655	0.8205	0.4428	63.6

Tab.4 Classification performance of CP parameters between C- and L-bands

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