Evaluation of external costs in road transport under the openness of a gated community

doi:10.1007/s11707-019-0762-z

Front. Earth Sci.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (1) : 140-151 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-019-0762-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Evaluation of external costs in road transport under the openness of a gated community

Ming CAI¹, Jing LI¹, Zhanyong WANG^1,²(

), Haibo WANG³

¹. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 518107, China
². College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
³. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

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Abstract

Residential quarters in Chinese cities are usually walled off from their surrounding roads for security purposes. Recently, the Chinese government has decided to thoroughly open gated residential communities in order to improve traffic capacity and coordinate major roads in the road network, which will inevitably pose challenges, such as environmental pollution, for community members. Unfortunately, before this decision, there were no comprehensive investigations into whether this measure works for road traffic or how much the adverse impact exerts upon residents. Here, we propose a comprehensive method combining microscopic traffic simulation with a vehicle exhaust emission and dispersion model and a noise emission and attenuation model, in addition to a consideration of social cost, to evaluate the possible influence of opening an enclosed residential community to surrounding roads. The validity of the hybrid model was assessed by an assumptive case of two rectangular gated communities under varying traffic flow and five community opening modes. Preliminary results indicate that the opened community outperforms the gated in the most of 49 percent reduction in comprehensive cost. A more detailed analysis reveals that the appropriate extent of openness should rely on the actual situation, and potentially serves as a foundation for the healthy development of communities and cities. Based on the case study results, this paper outlines some strategical suggestions for improving enclosed residential areas by striking a better balance between traffic capacity and environmental risks.

Keywords road traffic social cost externality gated residential area

Corresponding Author(s): Zhanyong WANG

Online First Date: 02 January 2020 Issue Date: 24 March 2020

Cite this article:

Ming CAI,Jing LI,Zhanyong WANG, et al. Evaluation of external costs in road transport under the openness of a gated community[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2020, 14(1): 140-151.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-019-0762-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2020/V14/I1/140

Fig.1 A typical Chinese gated community.

Tab.1 Chinese urban residential area planning and design standard GB 50180-93(2016 edition)

Fig.2 The possible path for vehicles before (a) and after (b) opening a gated community.

Fig.3 The gated community and its five opening ways. (a) Gated community; (b) M1: two-block; (c) M2: four-block; (d) M3: six-block; (f) M5: twelve-block; (g) M5: twelve-block.

Fig.4 Change trends of four kinds of social costs with different traffic flows.

Fig.5 Evolution of comprehensive external cost with traffic flows in a residential quarter.

Fig.6 The proportion of four kinds of costs in different community patterns.

Fig.7 Evolution of comprehensive cost with traffic flows in a residential district.

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