Role of bedding planes played in enhancing dissolution in sandstones

doi:10.1007/s11707-021-0945-2

Front. Earth Sci.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (3) : 587-600 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0945-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Role of bedding planes played in enhancing dissolution in sandstones

Jin LAI^1,²(

), Xiaojiao PANG², Meng BAO², Bing WANG², Jianan YIN², Guiwen WANG^1,²(

), Xuechun FAN²

¹. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
². College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

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Abstract

Diagenesis exerts an important control on porosity evolution, and research of diagenesis and diagenetic minerals provides insights into reservoir quality evaluation and CO₂ storage. Thin section, XRD (X-ray diffraction), CT (Computed Tomography), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) tests were used to investigate composition, texture, pore spaces, and diagenesis of sandstones in Paleogene Dongying Formation in Bohai Bay Basin, China, with special aims to unravel diagentic dissolution along bedding planes. The oversized pores, remnants in feldspar-hosted pores, and kaolinite within feldspar grains indicate a high degree of dissolution the framework grains experienced during burial. The CO₂-rich or organic acids are responsible for the feldspar dissolution. Grain size plays the primary role in enhancing bedding dissolution process, and bedding planes in fine-medium grained sandstones with high content of feldspars are frequently enlarged by dissolution. The CT scanning image confirms dissolution pores are distributed discontinuously along the bedding planes. The dissolution pores along bedding planes have large pore size, and correspond to the right peak of the bi-modal T₂ (transverse relaxation time) spectrum. The laminated sandstones and siltstones, or sandstones with cross beddings help improve framework grain dissolution. These new findings help improve the understanding of diagenetic models, and have implications in reservoir quality prediction and resource assessments in sandstones.

Keywords dissolution sandstones diagenesis bedding plane Dongying Formation

Corresponding Author(s): Jin LAI,Guiwen WANG

Online First Date: 31 December 2021 Issue Date: 29 December 2022

Cite this article:

Jin LAI,Xiaojiao PANG,Meng BAO, et al. Role of bedding planes played in enhancing dissolution in sandstones[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2022, 16(3): 587-600.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-021-0945-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2022/V16/I3/587

Fig.1 The structural belts of Nanpu Sag (c) within Bohai Bay Basin (a), East Chin (b) (Guo et al., 2013; Lai et al., 2019).

Tab.1 The samples used for various measurements

Fig.2 Core photos showing the cross bedding of sandstones in Dongying Formation in Nanpu Sag.(a) Dissolution along the bedding plane, fine-medium grained sandstone, NP 23-2630; (b) Field view A under ultraviolet (UV) light; (c) Dissolution along the tabular cross bedding, fine-medium grained sandstone, X204; (d) Dissolution along the wedge-shape cross bedding, fine grained sandstone, NP 23-2630; (e) Dissolution along the parallel bedding, fine-medium grained sandstone, X204; (f) No evident dissolution occurred along the parallel bedding plane, siltstone, X204; (g) No evident dissolution occurred along the wavy and convolute bedding planes, siltstone, X204.

Fig.3 Pore spaces of the sandstones in Dongying Formation, Nanpu Sag. (a) Intergranular pores and dissolution pores, PPL; (b) Primary pores and abundant dissolution pores, PPL; (c) Primary intergranular pores and abundant dissolution pores, NP208; (d) Abundant intragranular dissolution pores, and minor intergranular pores, NP208; (e) Micro-porous kaolinites, SEM; (f) Micro-porous mixed layer illite/smectite, SEM; (g) Feldspar remnants in the dissolution pores, SEM; (h) Vermicular kaolinites within the feldspar-hosted dissolution pores, SEM.PPL= plane polarized light view; I/S= mixed layer illite/smectite; K= Kaolinite; P= Pores; MP= Moldic pores; Q= quartz; RF= rock fragments; F = Feldspar.

Fig.4 Contrast of laminated sandstones with massive sandstones (no bedding) through core, thin section and XRD analysis. (a) Laminated sandstones; (b) Thin section showing the laminas, NP23-X2284, 3150.6m; (c) XRD data showing the composition of the laminated sandstones; (d) Massive sandstones; (e) Related thin section image showing the pore spaces and composition of massive sandstone; (f) XRD data showing the composition of the massive sandstones.

Fig.5 CT images and thin section showing the traces of dissolution along the bedding planes.(a) 2D slices; (b) Extraction of pores; (c) 3D reconstruction of pore networks, noting bedding plane with traces of dissolution; (d) Aligned dissolution under microscopic observation.

Fig.6 CT images and related thin sections showing the bedding plane traced dissolution. (a) 2D slices; (b) Extraction of pores; (c) 3D reconstruction of pore networks; (d) Aligned dissolution pores.

Fig.7 Dissolution along the bedding planes recognized by CT images and thin sections.(a) 2D slices; (b) Extraction of pores; (c) 3D reconstruction of pore networks; (d) weakly aligned dissolution.

Fig.8 NMR T₂ spectrum, SEM and thin section images showing the traces of dissolution along the bedding planes.(a) NMR T₂ spectrum; (b) Thin sections showing the weakly aligned pores; (c) SEM image showing the feldspar dissolution pores.

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