Assessing effects of land use and land cover changes on hydrological processes and sediment yield in the Xunwu River watershed, Jiangxi Province, China

doi:10.1007/s11707-021-0959-9

Front. Earth Sci.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (3) : 819-833 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0959-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Assessing effects of land use and land cover changes on hydrological processes and sediment yield in the Xunwu River watershed, Jiangxi Province, China

Guihua LIU¹(

), Britta SCHMALZ², Qi ZHANG³, Shuhua QI¹, Lichao ZHANG^4,⁵, Shiyu LIU⁴

¹. School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research (Ministry of Education), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
². Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Engineering Hydrology and Water Management, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
³. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
⁴. College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
⁵. Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang 330029, China

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Abstract

The effects of land use and land cover changes on hydrological processes and sediment yield are important issues in regional hydrology. The Xunwu River catchment located in the red soil hilly region of southern China has experienced drastic land use changes in the past 30 years, with orchard increases of approximately 42% and forest decreases of approximately 40%. These changes have resulted in some alterations of runoff and sediment yield. This study aims to evaluate effects of land use/land cover on runoff and sediment yield in the Xunwu River catchment. The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used for runoff and sediment simulation, and the results met the requirements of the model acceptance based on evaluation statistics of R² (the coefficient of determination), PBIAS (percent bias), and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency). Four land use scenarios representing the gradual expansion of orchards in the past 26 years were developed for assessment of hydrological processes and sediment yield simulation. As a result, both runoff and sediment yield were changed insignificantly with decrease rates of 1.84% and 5.29%, respectively. In addition, surface runoff accounts for the largest share of the runoff components, but the lateral flow changed more than other runoff components with a decrease rate of 10.96%. The results show that orchard expansion does not reveal severe water and soil loss. This study can contribute to the rational utilization of land and water resources in the red soil hilly area of southern Jiangxi Province.

Keywords land use change orchard expansion red soil hilly region SWAT runoff sediment

Corresponding Author(s): Guihua LIU

Online First Date: 19 January 2022 Issue Date: 29 December 2022

Cite this article:

Guihua LIU,Britta SCHMALZ,Qi ZHANG, et al. Assessing effects of land use and land cover changes on hydrological processes and sediment yield in the Xunwu River watershed, Jiangxi Province, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2022, 16(3): 819-833.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-021-0959-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2022/V16/I3/819

Fig.1 A general orchard development process in the red soil hilly area of southern China. (a) Removing native land cover (forest is the majority of the original land use); (b) bare land before orchard planting (although there are soil and water conservation measures, soil erosion is very serious); (c) newly planted orchard tree seedlings (grass began to grow at this stage); (d) one year old orchard trees (soil erosion remains severe); (e) two year old orchard trees; (f) three year old orchards trees with fruit (increased surface coverage and reduced soil erosion); (g) mature orchard (four or more years old, with only slight soil erosion).

Fig.2 (a) Locations of the study area, climate stations, rainfall gauge stations, hydrological stations, and subbasins in the Xunwu River watershed; (b) soil map; (c) orchard terrace with grass planting in front ridge, back ditch and ladder wall (Duan et al., 2021).

Tab.1 The data sets used in the SWAT model for the Xunwu River watershed

Tab.2 The land management setup in the SWAT model in the Xunwu River watershed

Tab.3 Model parameters, the order of parameter sensitivity, the range and fitted values during the final iteration of the calibration process

Fig.3 Land use changes during 1990–2016. (a) Percent of various land use types; (b) distribution characteristics of different land use types.

Fig.4 Interannual variation characteristics of hydrometeorological data in the Xunwu River watershed: (a) variation trend of rainfall and runoff (1980–2018, runoff data missing during 1993−2008); (b) variation trend of sediment yield (2009–2018).

Tab.4 Variations in the characteristic parameters of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield at Shuibei station

Fig.5 Temporal variability of observed and simulated monthly runoff at Shuibei station during 2009–2014: (a) calibration period; (b) validation period.

Tab.5 Model evaluation statistics for monthly runoff and sediment yield during the calibration (2009–2011) and validation (2012–2014) periods

Fig.6 Temporal variability of observed and simulated values of monthly sediment yield during 2009–2014: (a) calibration period; (b) validation period.

Fig.7 Interannual variation in (a) annual runoff and (b) sediment yield under different simulated LUCC scenarios.

Tab.6 Statistics of runoff and sediment under different scenarios

Fig.8 Annual runoff components. (a) Surface runoff, (b) lateral flow, (c) groundwater flow, (d) water yield, and (e) evapotranspiration of HRU 320, HRU 321, and HRU 324 within Subbasin 45 under LUCC 2016 during 2009–2018.

Tab.7 The mean values of the runoff components (SURQ, GWQ, LATQ, and WYLD) under LUCC 2016 in HRU 320, HRU 321, and HRU 324 of subbasin 45 during 2009–2018

Fig.9 Elevation and slope distribution of orchards in the Xunwu River watershed during 1990–2016.

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