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Frontiers of Earth Science

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ISSN 2095-0209(Online)

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Front. Earth Sci.    2023, Vol. 17 Issue (1) : 197-217    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1000-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Critical tectonic events and their geological controls on deep buried coalbed methane accumulation in Daning-Jixian Block, eastern Ordos Basin
Taotao YAN1,2(), Shan HE3, Shuai ZHENG4, Yadong BAI5, Wei CHEN6, Yanjun MENG1, Shangwen JIN1, Huifang YAO1, Xiaobao JIA7
1. College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2. Coal Reservoir Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center of CBM Development & Utilization, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3. Shanxi CBM Exploration and Development Branch, PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Changzhi 046000, China
4. China Coal Geology Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100083, China
5. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, PetroChina, Lanzhou 730000, China
6. Beijing Furuibao Energy Technology Company, Beijing 100176, China
7. Shanxi Province 148 Ecological Geology Technology Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030053, China
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Abstract

Commercial exploration and development of deep buried coalbed methane (CBM) in Daning-Jixian Block, eastern margin of Ordos Basin, have rapidly increased in recent decades. Gas content, saturation and well productivity show significant heterogeneity in this area. To better understand the geological controlling mechanism on gas distribution heterogeneity, the burial history, hydrocarbon generation history and tectonic evolution history were studied by numerical simulation and experimental simulation, which could provide guidance for further development of CBM in this area. The burial history of coal reservoir can be classified into six stages, i.e., shallowly buried stage, deeply burial stage, uplifting stage, short-term tectonic subsidence stage, large-scale uplifting stage, sustaining uplifting and structural inversion stage. The organic matter in coal reservoir experienced twice hydrocarbon generation. Primary and secondary hydrocarbon generation processes were formed by the Early and Middle Triassic plutonic metamorphism and Early Cretaceous regional magmatic thermal metamorphism, respectively. Five critical tectonic events of the Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan orogenies affect different stages of the CBM reservoir accumulation process. The Indosinian orogeny mainly controls the primary CBM generation. The Yanshanian Orogeny dominates the second gas generation and migration processes. The Himalayan orogeny mainly affects the gas dissipation process and current CBM distribution heterogeneity.
Keywords deep buried coalbed methane      coal reservoir accumulation evolution      numerical simulation      Daning-Jixian Block     
Corresponding Author(s): Taotao YAN   
About author:

* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Online First Date: 08 March 2023    Issue Date: 03 July 2023
 Cite this article:   
Taotao YAN,Shan HE,Shuai ZHENG, et al. Critical tectonic events and their geological controls on deep buried coalbed methane accumulation in Daning-Jixian Block, eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2023, 17(1): 197-217.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-022-1000-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2023/V17/I1/197
Fig.1  Structural burial depth outline of the bottom of the No. 8 coal seam in Daning-Jixian CBM Block. B1–B4 are structural domains.
Fig.2  Stratigraphic column of the Daning-Jixian CBM Block. The dashed lines indicate the formation unconformity.
Parameter Value Parameter Value
X a) 19475810 Y a) 4007477
Recent burial depth a)/m 1135.8 VLa)/(m3·t–1) 24.49
PLa)/MPa 1.92 Reservoir pressure a)/MPa 8.56
Gas content in air dry basis a)/(m3·t–1) 14.4 Gas saturation a)/% 64.57
Moisture a)/% 0.78 Ash yield a)/% 16.78
Vitrinite a)/% 73.1 Inertinite a)/% 13.6
Liptinite a)/% − Volatile matter a)/% 10.48
Coal thickness a)/m 4.6 Ro,max a)/% 2.29
Turning point of Ro b) /Ma 299, 251, 203.6, 189.6, 175.6, 145.5, 130 Ro,max at turning point b)/% 0.28, 0.45, 0.76, 0.79, 0.82, 1, 2.29
Burial depth turning point of bottom coal seamb)/Ma 299, 251, 203.6, 189.6, 175.6, 145.5, 130, 65.5, 1.806, 0 Burial depth of bottom coal seam at turning point b)/ m 46.5, 790.1, 2799.5, 2404.1, 2634.1, 2324.1, 3134.1, 1784.1, 1114.1, 1135.8
Turing point of geo-temperature gradientb)/Ma 306.5, 235, 160, 153, 130, 124, 100, 50,0 Geo-temperature gradient at turning point b)/(°C·10–2 m–1) 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.2, 7.17, 3.2, 3.2, 3.05, 2.9
Tab.1  Database of simulation nodes that contain Well J2
Fig.3  Typical tectonic movement and burial history curve for the coal-bearing strata in the study area.
Fig.4  Schematic diagram of the study area tectonic evolution.
Fig.5  Sedimentary characteristic distribution of coal-bearing rock series: sedimentary thickness of Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation (a); sedimentary thickness of Permian Shanxi Formation (b); burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation at the end of the Permian Shanxi period (c).
Fig.6  Sedimentary thickness distribution in the Shihezi and Shiqianfeng periods (a), burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation at the end of the Permian stage (b).
Fig.7  Sedimentary thickness distribution during the Early and Middle Triassic stage (a), burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation at the end of Middle Triassic stage (b).
Fig.8  Erosion thickness distribution during the Late Triassic Period (a), burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation at the end of the Triassic Period (b).
Fig.9  Erosion thickness distribution during the Jurassic Period (a), burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation at the end of the Jurassic Period (b).
Fig.10  Erosion thickness distribution during Late Cretaceous Period (a), burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation at the end of Late Cretaceous Period (b).
Fig.11  Erosion thickness distribution during the Paleogene and Neogene Periods (a), burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation at the end of the Neogene Period (b).
Fig.12  Deposition thickness distribution during the Quaternary Period (a), current burial depth of the bottom in Taiyuan Formation (b).
Fig.13  Thermal evolution history in the study area.
Fig.14  Distribution characteristics of paleotemperature (a) and maturity (b) in the study area at the end of the Middle Triassic.
Fig.15  Distribution characteristics of paleotemperature (a) and maturity (b) in the study area at the end of the Early Cretaceous.
Fig.16  The methane adsorption capacity at different temperatures and pressures. Two samples of GZH (a), TT (b) are from the domains of B2 (sample a) and B1 (sample b), respectively. The sorption capacities curve (red line) was plotted at the pressure and temperature conditions from reservoir subsidence and geothermal field history (the pressure gradient was set as 1.0 MPa/100 m).
Structural domain Sample Parameter Age/Ma
0 23.3 65.5
B1 TT Depth/m 1164.7 1538 1942
QS/(cm3·g–1) 11.28 14.05 16.16
P/MPa 11.65 15.38 19.42
QC/(cm3·g–1) 21.13 19.00 15.96
S/% 53.38 73.91 100.01
B2 GZH Depth/m 1076.8 1510 1921
QS/(cm3·g–1) 6.1 16.82 21.26
P/MPa 10.77 15.1 19.21
QC/(cm3·g–1) 17.62 16.02 14.07
S/% 34.62 105.00 151.13
Tab.2  The sorption capacity, gas content and saturation evolution characteristics of the sampling sites during the uplifting process in Cenozoic Era and Quaternary Period
Stage Geological Time/Ma Ro/% Reservoir temperature/°C Cumulative gas production/ (m3·t–1) Gas production in each stage/ (m3·t–1) Gas diffusion in each stage/ (m3·t–1) Cumulative gas Diffusion/ (m3·t–1) Gas content/ (m3·t–1)
I 306.6–251 0.45 53.70 3.12 3.12 2.18 2.18 0.94
II 251–203.6 0.76 116.96 21.04 17.92 12.54 14.72 6.32
III 203.6–145.5 1 104.55 21.04 0 6 20.72 0.32
IV 145.5–130 2.29 254.93 177.14 156.1 130.54 151.26 25.88
V 130–65.5 2.29 74.48 177.14 0 8.61 159.87 17.27
VI 65.5–0 2.29 54.15 177.14 0 2.87 162.74 14.4
Tab.3  The simulation results of simulation node which contains well J2
Fig.17  Curves show the CBM reservoir formation evolution history: (a) cumulative gas generation; (b) coal organic maturity; (c) cumulative gas diffusion; (d) gas content.
Fig.18  Extended essential elements diagram showing the hydrocarbon system present in the study area with relation to tectonic activity and general fault behavior.
Fig.19  Distribution characteristics of accumulative gas diffusion (a) and gas content (b) at the end of the Middle Triassic.
Fig.20  Distribution characteristics of gas diffusion during the Late Triassic (a) and gas content at the end of the Late Triassic (b).
Fig.21  Distribution characteristics of gas diffusion during the Jurassic (a) and gas content (b) at the end of the Late Jurassic.
Fig.22  Distribution characteristics of accumulative gas diffusion (a) and gas content (b) at the end of Early Cretaceous.
Fig.23  Distribution characteristics of gas diffusion in stage V (a) and gas content at the end of Late Cretaceous (b).
Fig.24  Distribution characteristics of gas diffusion in the last evolution period (a) and current gas content (b).
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