Effects of sub-/super-critical CO<sub>2</sub> on the fracture-related mechanical characteristics of bituminous coal

doi:10.1007/s11707-022-1025-y

Front. Earth Sci.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (3) : 760-775 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1025-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of sub-/super-critical CO₂ on the fracture-related mechanical characteristics of bituminous coal

Zedong SUN^1,³, Hongqiang XIE²(

), Gan FENG², Xuanmin SONG¹, Mingbo CHI⁴, Tao MENG⁵, Bole SUN⁶

¹. Key Laboratory of In-situ Property Improving Mining (Ministry of Education), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
². State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
³. College of Coal Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037003, China
⁴. State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing 102200, China
⁵. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
⁶. China Railway Third Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030001, China

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Abstract

Injecting carbon dioxide CO₂ into a coal seam is an important way to improve coalbed methane recovery and to store geological carbon. The fracture mechanical characteristics of bituminous coal determine the propagation and evolution of cracks, which directly affect CO₂ storage in coal seams and the efficiency of resource recovery. This study applied CO₂ adsorption and three-point bending fracture experiments using bituminous coal samples in a gaseous state (4 MPa), subcritical state (6 MPa), and supercritical state (8 and 12 MPa) to investigate the influence of CO₂ state and anisotropy on the fracture-related mechanical response of bituminous coal. The results show that the change in mechanical properties caused by CO₂ adsorption is CO₂ state-dependent. The supercritical CO₂ adsorption at 8 MPa causes the largest decrease in the mode-I fracture toughness (K_IC), which is 63.6% lower than the toughness before CO₂ adsorption. The instability characteristics of bituminous coal show the transformation trend of “sudden-gradual-sudden fracture”. With or without CO₂ adsorption, the order of the K_IC associated with three types of bituminous coal specimens is crack-divider type > crack-arrester type > crack-short transverse type. Phenomenologically, the fracture toughness of bituminous coal is positively correlated with its specific surface area and total pore volume; the toughness is negatively correlated with its average pore size.

Keywords energy development CO₂ geological storage rock mechanics bituminous coal

Corresponding Author(s): Hongqiang XIE

Online First Date: 12 June 2023 Issue Date: 12 December 2023

Cite this article:

Zedong SUN,Hongqiang XIE,Gan FENG, et al. Effects of sub-/super-critical CO₂ on the fracture-related mechanical characteristics of bituminous coal[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2023, 17(3): 760-775.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-022-1025-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2023/V17/I3/760

Tab.1 Industrial analysis of coal specimen

Fig.1 Three SCB specimen types and loading diagram: P-Load (N); B-Specimen thickness (mm); R-Sample radius (mm); a-Prefabricated grooving length (mm); S-Span between two loading ends (mm). (a) Crack-arrester type; (b) Crack-divider type; (c) Crack-short transverse type.

Fig.2 Schematic diagram showing the CO₂ adsorption experimental system.

Fig.3 Fracture mechanics experiment of bituminous coal SCB sample.

Fig.4 Variation curve of mode-I fracture toughness of bituminous coal with CO₂ pressure.

Fig.5 Anisotropy of bituminous coal fracture toughness under different CO₂ pressures.

Fig.6 Load displacement curve of bituminous coal during loading.

Fig.7 Fracture track and fracture surface morphology of the three types of bituminous coal specimens. (a) Crack-arrester type; (b) crack-divider type; (c) crack-short transverse type.

Fig.8 Low temperature N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of bituminous coal samples (Sun et al., 2022).

Fig.9 Pore structure parameters of bituminous coal samples. (a) Specific surface area; (b) total pore volume; (c) average pore size; (d) nitrogen adsorption capacity (Modified from Sun et al., 2022).

Fig.10 Plots of lnV vs lnln(p₀/p₁) from N₂ adsorption data.

Tab.2 Fractal dimension of bituminous coal samples under different CO₂ pressures in the FHH model

Fig.11 Relationship curve between fracture toughness and pore structure parameters for bituminous coal: (a) comparison of fracture toughness and specific surface area; (b) comparison of fracture toughness and total pore volume; (c) comparison of fracture toughness and average aperture; (d) comparison of fracture toughness and nitrogen a dsorption capacity.

Fig.12 Delamination phenomenon of crack-divider bituminous coal sample.

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