Geochemical characteristics, generation, and evolution mechanism of coalbed methane in the south-western Ordos Basin, China

doi:10.1007/s11707-022-1057-3

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (2) : 296-311 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1057-3

Geochemical characteristics, generation, and evolution mechanism of coalbed methane in the south-western Ordos Basin, China

Yabing LIN^1,^2,³(

), Yong QIN², Dongmin MA^1,³, Shengquan WANG^1,³

¹. College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
². Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resource and Reservoir Formation Process (the Ministry of Education), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
³. Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an 710054, China

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Abstract

The south-western Ordos Basin is rich in low-middle rank coalbed methane (CBM) resources; while the geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of CBM are not clear. Herein, according to geological and geochemical test data from gas and coal seam water from CBM wells in Bingchang, Jiaoxun, Huangling, Yonglong, and Longdong minging areas, we systematically studied the geochemical characteristics, generation, and evolution mechanism of CBM in Jurassic Yan’an Formation in the south-western Ordos Basin. The results show that the CH₄ content of whole gas is in the range of 42.01%–94.72%. The distribution ranges of the δ¹³C-CH₄ value is −87.2‰ to −32.5‰, indicating diverse sources of thermogenic gas and biogenic gas. The microbial methane is mainly generated by a CO₂ reduction pathway, with certain methyl-type fermentation spots. The δ¹³C-CH₄ has a positive correlation with burial depth, indicating the obvious fractionation of CBM. The relationship between the genetic types and burial depth of the CBM reservoir indicates that the favorable depth of secondary biogenic gas is less than 660 m. The Late Cretaceous Yanshanian Movement led to the uplift of the Ordos Basin, and a large amount of thermogenic gas escaped from the edge of the basin. Since the Paleogene Period, the coal reservoir in the basin margin has received recharge from atmospheric precipitation, which is favorable for the formation of secondary biogenic methane. The deep area, generally under 1000 m, mainly contains residual thermogenic gas. The intermediate transition zone is mixed gas. Constrained by the tectonic background, the genetic types of CBM in different mining areas are controlled by the coupling of burial depth, coal rank, and hydrogeological conditions. The Binchang mining area contains biogenic gas, and the development of CBM has achieved initial success, indicating that similar blocks with biogenic gas formation conditions is key to the efficient development of CBM. The research results provide a scientific basis for searching for favorable exploration areas of CBM in the south-western Ordos Basin.

Keywords coalbed methane stable isotopes geochemistry generation and evolution mechanism Ordos Basin

Corresponding Author(s): Yabing LIN

About author:

Chunqi Yang contributed equally to this work.

Online First Date: 08 March 2024 Issue Date: 19 July 2024

Cite this article:

Yabing LIN,Yong QIN,Dongmin MA, et al. Geochemical characteristics, generation, and evolution mechanism of coalbed methane in the south-western Ordos Basin, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2024, 18(2): 296-311.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-022-1057-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2024/V18/I2/296

Fig.1 Burial depth and vitrinite reflectance contour of coal seam in the southwestern Ordos Basin; AA′ is the cross section from west to east; BB′ is the cross section from south to north.

Fig.2 A geologic cross section of the Yan’an Formation along the A-A′ line (the section line can be found in Fig. 1).

Tab.1 Development coal seam, gas content, and gas components of CBM in the southwestern Ordos Basin

Fig.3 Gas content and gas concentration in the southwestern Ordos Basin.

Tab.2 Stable isotopic values of CBM samples in the southwestern Ordos Basin

Fig.4 Statistical charts of stable isotopic values of CBM samples in the southwestern Ordos Basin.

Tab.3 Hydrochemical characteristics of coalbed water in the southwestern Ordos Basin

Fig.5 TDS statistical chart of hydrochemical characteristics in the southwestern Ordos Basin.

Fig.6 Piper diagram of the major ions of coalbed water in the southwestern Ordos Basin.

Fig.7 Diagram showing the combined methane δ¹³C-CH₄ and CH₄/(C₂H₄ + C₃H₆). Modified from Whiticar (1999).

Fig.8 Genetic judgment of CH₄ by δD-CH₄ and δ¹³C-CH₄. Modified from Whiticar (1999).

Fig.9 Diagram showing combined methane δ¹³C-CH₄ and δ¹³C-CO₂ to identify the origin of gas. Modified from Whiticar (1999).

Fig.10 Diagram showing combined δ¹³C-CO₂ and [CO₂/(CH₄ + CO₂)] × 100% (CDMI). Modified from Kotarba and Rice (2001).

Fig.11 Hydrocarbon generation and evolution history of coal measure strata of Yan’an formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin (Modified from Lin, 2021a).

Fig.12 Diagram showing combined δ¹³C-CH₄ versus burial depth.

Fig.13 Different distributions of δ¹³C-CH₄ value of conventional natural gas and CBM. Modified from Dai (1986) and Moore (2012).

Fig.14 The contour map of the TDS values of the Yan’an Formation groundwater in the southwestern Ordos Basin.

Fig.15 Cross section (BB′) of the CBM genetic type under hydrodynamic and tectonic conditions (the section line can be found in Fig. 1).

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