A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum (Al) salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of Al3+ concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the Al form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on Al3+ concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed (MB), and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.
Corresponding Author(s):
LIU Zhigang,Email:lzg@djtu.edu.cn
引用本文:
. A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its mixed bed[J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2012, 6(1): 45-50.
Zhigang LIU, Shaomin ZHU, Yansheng LI. A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its mixed bed. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(1): 45-50.
residual amount of Al3+ in regeneration solution/(mmol·40mL-1)
28.0
7.7
2.6
0.4
0.03
times of BV
51
64
111
108
76
maximum TOC removal/%
91
88
92
90
91
Tab.1
1
El-Dessouky H T, Ettouney H M, Al-Roumi Y. Multi-stage flash desalination: present and future outlook. Chemical Engineering Journal , 1999, 73(2): 173-190 doi: 10.1016/S1385-8947(99)00035-2
2
Fedorenko V I. Ultrapure water production by continuous electrodeionization method: technology and economy. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal , 2004, 38(1): 35-40 doi: 10.1023/B:PHAC.0000027643.24808.81
3
Abbas A, Al-Bastaki N. Modeling of an RO water desalination unit using neural networks. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2005, 114(1-3): 139-143 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2005.07.016
4
Grabowski A, Zhang GQ, Strathmann H, Eigenberger G. The production of high purity water by continuous electrodeionization with bipolar membranes: Influence of the anion-exchange membrane permselectivity. Journal of Membrane Science , 2006, 281(1-2): 297-306 doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.03.044
5
Rengaraj S, Yeon K H, Moon S H. Removal of nickel from water and synthetic nuclear power plant coolant water by ion exchange resins. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , 2002, 253(2): 241-245 doi: 10.1023/A:1019645708495
6
Cavaco S A, Fernandes S, Quina M M, Ferreira L M. Removal of chromium from electroplating industry effluents by ion exchange resins. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2007, 144(3): 634-638 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.087
7
Pehlivan E, Altun T. Ion-exchange of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution by Lewatit CNP 80. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2007, 140(1-2): 299-307 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.011
8
Helfferich F G. Ion Exchange. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1995
9
Simister C, Caron F, Gedye R. Determination of the thermal degradation rate of polystyrene-divinyl benzene ion exchange resins in ultra-pure water at ambient and service temperature. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , 2004, 261(3): 523-531 doi: 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000037092.52163.3d
10
Arm S T, Blanchard D L, Fiskum S K. Chemical degradation of an ion exchange resin processing salt solutions. Separation and Purification Technology , 2005, 43(1): 59-69 doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2004.10.001
11
Bi S P, Wang C Y, Cao Q, Zhang C H. Studies on the mechanism of hydrolysis and polymerization of aluminium salts in aqueous solution: correlations between the “Core-links” model and “Cage-like” Keggin-Al13 model. Coordination Chemistry Reviews , 2004, 248(5-6): 441-455 doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2003.11.001
12
Zhao H, Liu H J, Qu J H. Effect of pH on the aluminum salts hydrolysis during coagulation process: formation and decomposition of polymeric aluminum species. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2009, 330(1): 105-112 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.020
13
Lu Y J, Chakrabarti C L, Back M H, Gregoire D C, Schroeder W H. Kinetic studies of aluminum and zinc speciation in river water and snow. Analytica Chimica Acta , 1994, 293(1-2): 95-108 doi: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00166-9
14
Kabsch-Korbutowicz M. Effect of Al coagulant type on natural organic matter removal efficiency in coagulation/ultrafiltration process. Desalination , 2005, 185(1-3): 327-333 doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2005.02.083
15
Jones A M, Pham A N, Collins R N, Waite T D. Dissociation kinetics of Fe(III)– and Al(III)–natural organic matter complexes at pH 6.0 and 8.0 and 25°C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 2009, 73(10): 2875-2887 doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.022
16
Shao W J, Li X M, Cao Q L, Luo F, Li J M, Du Y Y. Adsorption of arsenate and arsenite anions from aqueous medium by using metal(III)-loaded amberlite resins. Hydrometallurgy , 2008, 91(1-4): 138-143 doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.01.005
17
Liu Z G, Wang Y, Li Y S, Chang H. Electro-assisted regeneration of ion exchange resins. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China , 2008, 2(4): 410-414 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0069-x
18
Sauer C A. Characteristics of strong-acid cation exchangers 1. optimization of regeneration. Desalination , 1984, 51(3): 313-324 doi: 10.1016/0011-9164(84)87004-6
