Photosynthesis and related metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth by TiO2 nanoparticles
Yingdan Zhang1,2, Na Liu1,2, Wei Wang1,2, Jianteng Sun1,3, Lizhong Zhu1,2()
1. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China 3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
• The rice growth was promoted by nano-TiO2 of 0.1–100 mg/L.
• Nano-TiO2 enhanced the energy storage in photosynthesis.
• Nano-TiO2 reduced energy consumption in carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2), as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst, has been widely applied in modern industry, thus inevitably discharged into environment. We proposed that nano-TiO2 in soil can promote crop yield through photosynthetic and metabolic disturbance, therefore, we investigated the effects of nano-TiO2 exposure on related physiologic-biochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Results showed that rice biomass was increased >30% at every applied dosage (0.1–100 mg/L) of nano-TiO2. The actual photosynthetic rate (Y(II)) significantly increased by 10.0% and 17.2% in the treatments of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively, indicating an increased energy production from photosynthesis. Besides, non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)) significantly decreased by 19.8%–26.0% of the control in all treatments respectively, representing a decline in heat dissipation. Detailed metabolism fingerprinting further revealed that a fortified transformation of monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-galactose, and D-talose) to disaccharides (D-cellobiose, and D-lactose) was accompanied with a weakened citric acid cycle, confirming the decrease of energy consumption in metabolism. All these results elucidated that nano-TiO2 promoted rice growth through the upregulation of energy storage in photosynthesis and the downregulation of energy consumption in metabolism. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the stress-response hormesis of rice after exposure to nano-TiO2, and provides worthy information on the potential application and risk of nanomaterials in agricultural production.
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