1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 2. State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
● A cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for in-field detection.
● A universal colorimetric detection platform in the absorbance range of 400–700 nm.
● Six-fold improvement of sensitivity by introducing a transmission grating.
● Quantifying multiple water quality indexes simultaneously with high stability.
The development of colorimetric analysis technologies for the commercial cellphone platform has attracted great attention in environmental monitoring due to the low cost, high versatility, easy miniaturization, and widespread ownership of cellphones. This work demonstrates a cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for quantifying multiple environmental contaminants simultaneously with high sensitivity and stability. To improve the sensitivity of the sensor, a delicate optical path system was created by using a diffraction grating to split six white beams transmitting through the multiple colored samples, which allows the cellphone CMOS camera to capture the diffracted light for image analysis. The proposed sensor is a universal colorimetric detection platform for a variety of environmental contaminants with the colorimetry assay in the range of 400–700 nm. By introducing the diffraction grating for splitting light, the sensitivity was improved by over six folds compared with a system that directly photographed transmitted light. As a successful proof-of-concept, the sensor was used to detect turbidity, orthophosphate, ammonia nitrogen and three heavy metals simultaneously with high sensitivity (turbidity: detection limit of 1.3 NTU, linear range of 5–400 NTU; ammonia nitrogen: 0.014 mg/L, 0.05–5 mg/L; orthophosphate: 0.028 mg/L, 0.1–10 mg/L; Cr (VI): 0.0069 mg/L, 0.01–0.5 mg/L; Fe: 0.025 mg/L, 0.1–2 mg/L; Zn: 0.032 mg/L, 0.05–2 mg/L) and reliability (relative standard deviations of six parallel measurements of 0.37%–1.60% and recoveries of 95.5%–106.0% in surface water). The miniature sensor demonstrated in-field sensing ability in environmental monitoring, which can be extended to point-of-care diagnosis and food safety control.
Measured by spectrophotometer (NTU for turbidity, mg/L for others)
Measured by our sensor (NTU for turbidity, mg/L for others)
Recovery by our sensor (%)
Turbidity
0
3.3
4.3±0.8
?
50
51.5
55.5±2.0
102.3±3.1
100
106.5
108.4±2.0
104.1±2.1
200
210.8
196.5±1.7
96.1±1.1
Ammonia nitrogen
0
0.055
0.048±0.008
?
0.5
0.547
0.548±0.014
100.0±1.5
1
1.067
1.094±0.023
104.6±2.2
2
2.090
2.101±0.053
102.7±2.3
Orthophosphate
0
0.062
0.059±0.004
?
1
1.054
1.061±0.013
100.2±1.6
2
2.030
2.122±0.070
103.1±3.3
4
4.011
3.881±0.046
95.5±1.1
Cr (VI)
0
0
< LOD
?
0.05
0.048
0.052±0.001
105.6±1.8
0.1
0.102
0.101±0.004
100.6±4.1
0.2
0.201
0.196±0.004
98.1±1.9
Fe
0
0.053
0.061±0.012
?
0.25
0.304
0.326±0.012
106.0±5.3
0.5
0.564
0.561±0.010
99.9±2.0
1
1.067
1.037±0.028
97.6±1.8
Zn
0
0.103
0.111±0.016
0.25
0.353
0.344±0.070
104.6±3.1
0.5
0.604
0.609±0.071
105.2±5.5
1
1.124
1.093±0.047
101.0±2.0
Tab.2
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