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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

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Front Envir Sci Eng    2012, Vol. 6 Issue (1) : 117-124    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-010-0220-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Properties and effect of forming sewage sludge into lightweight ceramics
Min YUE, Qinyan YUE(), Yuanfeng QI, Baoyu GAO, Hui YU
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Abstract

In this work we investigated the chemical, thermal and toxic properties of dried sewage sludge (DSS), the preparation and properties of lightweight sludge ceramic (LSC) and the mechanisms of action of the organic and inorganic foaming agents (OFAs and IFAs). The chemical components and thermal properties of the raw materials were studied by Energy Dispersive X-ray Detection (EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC/TGA). The mineral phases of the raw materials and the formed ceramics were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The leaching characteristics of heavy metals were investigated with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Different ratios of DSS and clay were mixed and pressed into raw pellets. After drying and preheating treatment, the raw pellets were sintered at 1150°C for 10 min. The physical properties of LSC (50 wt% DSS added) were tested. The results showed that when the addition of DSS was above 50 wt%, LSC began to shrink, and a maximum density occurred. The environmental safety of LSC was satisfactory. XRD showed that some new mineral phases formed in the LSC. Observation of the microstructure by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicated that the body of LSC was porous.
Keywords sludge      foaming agents      ceramics      preheating process     
Corresponding Author(s): YUE Qinyan,Email:qyyue@sdu.edu.cn   
Issue Date: 01 February 2012
 Cite this article:   
Min YUE,Qinyan YUE,Yuanfeng QI, et al. Properties and effect of forming sewage sludge into lightweight ceramics[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(1): 117-124.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-010-0220-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2012/V6/I1/117
Fig.1  Flow chart for the manufacture of the ceramic pellets
Fig.1  Flow chart for the manufacture of the ceramic pellets
Fig.2  
Fig.2  
propertytype of measurementequipment model
chemical compositionEDXDZ10-100 (Shimadzu, Japan)
speciationXRD (X-ray diffraction)D/MAX-RA(RIGAKU, Japan)
heavy metal contentICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy)IRIS Intrepid II XSP(Thermo, USA)
TGA/DSCthermal analysisSDT Q600(TA Instruments-Waters LLC, USA)
mechanical tests
bulk densityGB/T 17431.2-1998
granule densityGB/T 17431.2-1998
water absorption rateGB/T 17431.2-1998
microstructureSEM (scanning electron microscope)Hitachi S-520, JSM-6700F(Hitachi, Japan)
Tab.1  Physical and chemical measurement methods
materialsSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3MgOCaOK2Ototal Stotal PTiO2Na2Oothersglassy phasesfluxOFAs
DSS/wt%34.9021.106.722.717.359.517.088.620.95ND0.0619.19.065.83
clay/wt%60.0317.602.472.0810.872.61NDNDND4.330.0177.6322.36–
Tab.2  The chemical components of DSS and clay
Fig.3  TGA / DSC analysis of dry sewage sludge
Fig.3  TGA / DSC analysis of dry sewage sludge
Fig.4  The physical properties of LSC ((a) rate of expansion/shrinkage; (b) water adsorption; (c) bulk density; (d) grain density) prepared with different ratios of clay to DSS
Fig.4  The physical properties of LSC ((a) rate of expansion/shrinkage; (b) water adsorption; (c) bulk density; (d) grain density) prepared with different ratios of clay to DSS
Fig.5  Physical properties of LSC (the ratio of DSS was 20 wt%) with different preheating treatment
Fig.5  Physical properties of LSC (the ratio of DSS was 20 wt%) with different preheating treatment
Fig.6  
Fig.6  
Fig.7  
Fig.7  
Fig.8  
Fig.8  
Fig.9  
Fig.9  
elementDSS /(mg·kg-1)LSC /(mg·kg-1)limit value /(mg·kg-1)
total Cu39.590.973≤100
total Zn23.190.667≤100
total Cd0.0670.009≤1
total Cr2.5930.045≤15
total Pb6.0720.053≤5
total Ba11.860.52≤100
total Ni0.310.06≤5
total As0.2280.021≤5
Tab.3  Toxic metal content of leachate from DSS and LSC (50 wt% DSS added)
Fig.10  The mineral phases of LSC (50 wt% of DSS added), clay and commercial ceramics
Fig.10  The mineral phases of LSC (50 wt% of DSS added), clay and commercial ceramics
Fig.11  SEM images (× 500) of LSC (50 wt% of DSS added)
Fig.11  SEM images (× 500) of LSC (50 wt% of DSS added)
Fig.12  SEM images (× 500) of commercial ceramic (100 wt% of clay)
Fig.12  SEM images (× 500) of commercial ceramic (100 wt% of clay)
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