Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/TiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid membranes

doi:10.1007/s11783-012-0407-x

Front Envir Sci Eng

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (4) : 492-502 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0407-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/TiO₂ hybrid membranes

Weiying LI¹(

), Xiuli SUN², Chen WEN³, Hui LU², Zhiwei WANG¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 3. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, China

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Abstract

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) hybrid membranes were prepared using nano-TiO₂ as the modifier, and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results demonstrated that nano-sized TiO₂ particles dispersed homogeneously within the PVDF matrix, contributing to more hydroxyls and smoother surfaces. Moreover, permeate flux, retention factor, porosity, contact angle and anti-fouling tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of TiO₂ concentration on the performance of PVDF membranes. Among all the prepared membranes, PVDF/TiO₂ membrane containing 10 vol.% TiO₂ exhibited the best hydrophilicity with an average pure water flux up to 237 L·m^-2·h^-1, higher than that of unmodified PVDF membranes (155 L·m^-2·h^-1). Besides, the bovine serum albumin rejection of the hybrid membrane was improved evidently from 52.3% to 70.6%, and the contact angle was significantly lowered from 83° to 60°, while the average pore size and its distribution became smaller and narrower.

Keywords poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane nano-TiO₂ anti-fouling performance water treatment

Corresponding Author(s): LI Weiying,Email:liweiying@tongji.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 August 2013

Cite this article:

Weiying LI,Xiuli SUN,Chen WEN, et al. Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/TiO₂ hybrid membranes[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2013, 7(4): 492-502.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-012-0407-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2013/V7/I4/492

Fig.1 The membrane evaluation device

Fig.2 TEM micrograph of TiO particles

Tab.1 The performance of the membranes.

Tab.2 Properties of the membranes

Fig.3 Pore size distribution for different membranes
(a) PVDF; (b) PVDF/TiO-5%; (c) PVDF/TiO-10 %; (d) PVDF/TiO-12 %

Fig.4 Variation of permeate flux of PVDF membranes at different titanium dioxide loadings as a function of operating time

Fig.5 X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) TiO nanoparticles, (b) PVDF membrane and (c) PVDF/TiO -10% membrane

Tab.3 Surface element contents for different membranes

Fig.6 XPS spectra for different membranes before and after the filtration of BSA.
a) PVDF, before filtration; (b) PVDF, after filtration; (c) PVDF/TiO-10 %, before filtration; (d) PVDF/TiO-10 %, after filtration

Fig.7 SEM micrographs of pure PVDF and TiO-incorporated hybrid membranes.
(a) Surface view of PVDF membrane; (b) surface view of PVDF/TiO-10 % membrane; (c) cross-sectional view of PVDF membrane; (d) cross-sectional view of PVDF/TiO-10 % membrane

Fig.8 Three-dimensional AFM images of the PVDF and PVDF/TiO hybrid membrane surfaces.
((a) and (b)) PVDF; ((c) and (d)) PVDF/TiO-5%; ((e) and (f)) PVDF/TiO-10 %: ((g) and(h)) PVDF/TiO-12 %

Fig.9 FTIR spectra of pure PVDF and TiO-incorporated hybrid membranes.
(a) PVDF; (b) PVDF/TiO-5%; (c) PVDF/TiO-10 %; (d) PVDF/TiO-12 %

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