A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China

doi:10.1007/s11783-015-0816-8

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

0, Vol.

Issue () : 949-961 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-015-0816-8

REVIEW ARTICLE

A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China

Chao ZENG,Dongjie NIU(

),Youcai ZHAO

The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive review of rural solid waste (RSW) in terms of characteristics, management and legislation. Survey results show that RSW generation rates range from 0.25 to 2.1 kg·(capita·d)⁻¹ in different rural villages across regions of China. Total RSW generation has been increasing, which is far higher than official data in 2014. RSW are dominated by food residue and coal ash/cinder/dust (at approximately 70%). Most of RSW are still discarded randomly without any treatment in China. Scattered RSW generation sources, imperfect legislation system, poor infrastructure on treatment and disposal are identified as the biggest challenge for RSW management currently in China. To improve RSW management, increasing financial resources, establishing sorting collection and transportation network, promoting sorting collection and recycling, improving treatment technology are proposed as the possible solution.

Keywords rural solid waste characteristics management legislation China

Corresponding Author(s): Dongjie NIU

Online First Date: 18 September 2015 Issue Date: 23 November 2015

Cite this article:

Chao ZENG,Dongjie NIU,Youcai ZHAO. A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 0, (): 949-961.

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https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-015-0816-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y0/V/I/949

Tab.1 Literature data of surveyed RSW generation rate in China

Tab.2 Comparison of typical distribution of RDSW composition in different regions across China (weight %)

Fig.1 Comparison of generation rate between RSW and MSW

Fig.2 Framework for the mode of household classification, village collection, township transfer and county treatment for RSW management

Fig.3 Locations of 28 counties (districts or cities) for the full coverage of RSW treatment in county (district and city) level

Tab.3 Application situations of MSW treatment techniques in 2012

laws and regulations	issued by	major related contents	main concerns	Ref.
Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law of Solid Wastes (April 1, 2005)	National People’s Congress (NPC)	•?the specific measures for preventing and controlling environmental pollution of RSW shall be formulated by local government.	local government and provincial department of environmental protection	[46]
Circular Economy Promotion Law (January 1, 2009)	NPC	•?encourage the establishment of RSW classification, collection and recycling system (reduce, reuse and recycle), and promote RSW recycling.•?make overall plan on the construction of facilities for waste between urban and rural areas.•?reasonably arrange the waste recycling network and market, support the recycling operators and business.	local government and authorities, department of environmental protection, recycling operators and enterprises.	[47]
Technique Code for Village Rehabilitation (August 1, 2008)	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD)	•?provide guidelines aimed at reuse and appropriate final disposal of RSW.encourage the establishment of collection, transport of RSW.	local government and authorities	[48]
Implementation Plan about Promoting Solutions to Prominent Rural Environmental Problems (February 27, 2009)	Ministry of Environment Protection (MOEP), Ministry of Finance (MOF), National Development and Reform Commission	•?policy specifically support the key solutions to improve environmental quality of village, and RSW treatment is one of the priority?support?areas.	local government and authorities	[69]
Interim Measures for the Management of Special Funds for Environmental Protection in Rural Areas (April 21, 2009)	MOEP, MOF	•?Provide special funds to support the key solutions to improve environmental quality of village, and RSW treatment is one of the priority?support?areas.	local government and authorities	[51]
Technical Specifications of Domestic Pollution Control for Town and Village (January 1, 2011)	MOEP	•?Standardize the technical specifications of transport, recycling, treatment and disposal.	local government and authorities, recycling operators and enterprises.	[49]
Guideline on Project Construction and Investment for Rural Garbage Classification & Click-Transport and Treatment (November 11, 2011)	MOEP	•?Detail guiding principles on classification,collection, transport of RSW and project planning, approval, site selection, designing, construction, acceptance, operation, management during the RSW disposal engineering.	local government and authorities	[20]
Instruction on How to Improve Rural Living Environment (May 29, 2014)	State Council	•?Accelerate the comprehensive rehabilitation of rural environment, emphasize the treatment of RSW and sewage.•?Implement the systematic planning, construction and management of RSW and sewage in rural areas within county level.	local government and authorities	[70]

Tab.4 Summery of China’s specific national laws and regulations on RSW

Fig.4 Schematic of ideal treatment system of RSW based on source classification and waste recycling

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