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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (4) : 74    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1367-1
REVIEW ARTICLE
Health impacts of air pollution in China
Fengping Hu1, Yongming Guo2()
1. Business School, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2. Reading Academy, NUIST-UoR International Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Abstract

•Impacts of air pollution on various body systems health in China were highlighted.

•China’s actions to control air pollution and their effects were briefly introduced.

•Challenges and perspectives of the health effects of air pollution are provided.

The health effects of air pollution have attracted considerable attention in China. In this review, the status of air pollution in China is briefly presented. The impacts of air pollution on the health of the respiratory system, the circulatory system, the nervous system, the digestive system, the urinary system, pregnancy and life expectancy are highlighted. Additionally, China’s actions to control air pollution and their effects are briefly introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the health effects of air pollution are provided. We believe that this review will provide a promising perspective on the health impacts of air pollution in China, and further elicit more attention from governments and researchers worldwide.
Keywords Health impacts      Air pollution      China      Advances     
Corresponding Author(s): Yongming Guo   
Issue Date: 12 November 2020
 Cite this article:   
Fengping Hu,Yongming Guo. Health impacts of air pollution in China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 74.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1367-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I4/74
Fig.1  Summary of the health impacts of air pollution in China.
Impacts on health Air pollutants References
Respiratory emergency hospital visits PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 Chen et al. 2017b
Respiratory outpatient visits CO Zhao et al. 2019
Respiratory hospital admission PM1, PM2.5 Zhang et al. 2019b
Respiratory hospitalizations SO2, NO2, PM10 Tao et al. 2014
Daily respiratory outpatient visits PM2.5 Chai et al. 2019
Lung function of female non-smokers NO2, PM10, PM2.5 Zhou et al. 2016
COPD PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO Gao et al. 2020
Childhood allergic rhinitis NO2, SO2, PM10 Liu et al. 2016b
Paediatric respiratory outpatient visits PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, O3 Liu et al. 2017c
Hospital outpatient visits for child upper respiratory tract infection NO2 Li et al. 2018
Child asthma hospitalization NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5 Zhang et al. 2019c
Child lung function O3, PM10, CO, SO2 Chang et al. 2012
Child lung function PM2.5 and PM10 Chen et al. 2018a
Child lung function PAHs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 1,2-dimethylbenzene Chen et al. 2018c
Lung function of asthmatic children PAHs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 1,2-dimethylbenzene Kuang et al. 2020
Tuberculosis PM10, NO2, SO2 Zhu et al. 2018
Active tuberculosis PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 Li et al. 2019b
Measles PM2.5 Chen et al. 2017a
Lung function PM10, SO2, NO2, O3 Gao et al. 2013
Child respiratory morbidities PM10, NO2 Gao et al. 2014
Child lung function PM10, SO2, NO2, O3 Zeng et al. 2016
Lung function PM2.5 and NO2 Hou et al. 2020
COPD PM Liu et al. 2017b
COPD PM2.5 Guo et al. 2018a
Respiratory diseases mortality, lung cancer mortality SO2, NO2, PM10 (Zhu et al. 2019
Lung cancer mortality PM2.5, PM10 O3, SO2 Wang et al. 2019c
Pneumonia mortality NO2 Sun et al. 2019
Potential cancer risk PAHs Ma et al. 2020
Tab.1  Summary of air pollution on the health of the respiratory system.
Impacts on health Air pollutants References
Blood pressure, hypertension NO2, PM2.5, PM10 Li et al., 2020
Hypertension PM2.5 Liu et al., 2017a
Hypertension, blood pressure PM1 Li et al., 2019a
Circulatory emergency department visits SO2 Guo et al., 2018b
Cardio-cerebrovascular hospital outpatient visits PM2.5, PM10 Wang et al., 2019a
Cardiovascular hospital admissions PM2.5, SO2, NO2 Wang et al., 2018a
Cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease and high blood pressure emergency department visits PM2.5 Ma et al., 2019
Type II diabetes mellitus hospitalization PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO Song et al., 2018a
Diabetes mortality PM10 Yang et al., 2020c
Type II diabetes mellitus hospitalization PM2.5 Liu et al., 2016a
Type II diabetes mellitus PM1, PM2.5, PM10 Yang et al., 2018
Mortality among children aged<5 years SO2, NO2 Wang et al., 2019b
Cardiovascular mortality PMc Wang et al., 2018b
Circulatory, hypertensive and respiratory mortality PM2.5, PM10 Yu et al., 2019
Cardiovascular mortality PM10, SO2 Zhang et al., 2017
Cardiovascular mortality O3 Zhang et al., 2019a
Tab.2  Air pollution impacts on circulatory system health
Impacts on health Air pollutants References
Poor sleep quality NO2, PM2.5 Chen et al., 2019b
Sleep disorders NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10 Tang et al., 2019
Sleeplessness AQI, PM2.5 Heyes and Zhu 2019
Hospital visits for mental and behavioral disorders PM2.5 and PM10 Song et al., 2018b
Daily admissions for mental disorders PM10, SO2, CO Chen et al., 2018b
Hospital admissions for overall and specific mental disorders PM2.5, PM10, PMC Qiu et al., 2019
Schizophrenic admissions NO2, SO2, PM10 Duan et al., 2018
Parkinson's disease NOx, CO, PMc Lee et al., 2016
Daily living activities, cognitive impairment, health problems Air pollution index Zeng et al., 2010
Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia PM10, O3 Wu et al., 2015
Alzheimer’s disease O3, PM2.5 Jung et al., 2015
Cognitive performance on verbal and math tests Air pollution index Zhang et al., 2018
Suicide attempts among adolescents PM2.5 Fan et al., 2019
Myopia PM2.5, NOx Wei et al., 2019a
Dry eye diseases PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO Mo et al., 2019
Conjunctivitis outpatient PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO Fu et al., 2017
Conjunctivitis PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 Lu et al., 2019a
Hospital visits for eye and adnexa diseases NO2 Song et al., 2019
Tab.3  Summary of the effects of air pollution on the health of nervous system.
Impacts on health Air pollutants References
Peptic ulcer bleeding NO2 Tian et al., 2017
Peptic ulcer bleeding PM2.5 Duan et al., 2019
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease SO2 Wei et al., 2019b
Tab.4  List of the impacts of air pollution on digestive system health
Impacts on health Air pollutants References
Kidney function Individual average daily dose Wang et al., 2020a
Chronic kidney disease NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10 Chen et al., 2018d
Tab.5  List of the impacts of air pollution on urinary system health
Impacts on health Air pollutants References
Likelihood of female offspring PM10, SO2, NO2 Lin et al., 2015
Term low birthweight PM10 Lu et al., 2020
Preterm birth PM10, O3 Han et al., 2018
Preterm birth NO2 Ji et al., 2019
Fetal distress PM2.5 Liu et al., 2019
Oral clefts PM2.5, PM10, O3, CO Zhao et al., 2018
Tab.6  The effects of air pollution on pregnancy
Impacts on health Air pollutants References
Years of life lost PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 He et al., 2016
Years of life lost, mortality PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 Zhu et al., 2017
Life expectancy PM10 Ebenstein et al., 2017
Adult life expectancy PM2.5 Chen et al., 2019a
Tab.7  The effects of air pollution on life expectancy
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