Remediation of 2,4-dichlorophenol-contaminated groundwater using nano-sized CaO<sub>2</sub> in a two-dimensional scale tank

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1381-3

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 87 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1381-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Remediation of 2,4-dichlorophenol-contaminated groundwater using nano-sized CaO₂ in a two-dimensional scale tank

Tianyi Li^1,^2,³, Chengwu Zhang^1,^2,³, Jingyi Zhang^1,^2,³, Song Yan^1,^2,³, Chuanyu Qin^1,^2,³(

)

¹. Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
². Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
³. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China

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Abstract

• Nano CaO₂ is evaluated as a remediation agent for 2,4-DCP contaminated groundwater.

• 2,4-DCP degradation mechanism by different Fe²⁺ concentration was proposed.

• 2,4-DCP was not degraded in the system for solution pH>10.

• The 2,4-DCP degradation area is inconsistent with the nano CaO₂ distribution area.

This study evaluates the applicability of nano-sized calcium peroxide (CaO₂) as a source of H₂O₂ to remediate 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) contaminated groundwater via the advanced oxidation process (AOP). First, the effect and mechanism of 2,4-DCP degradation by CaO₂ at different Fe concentrations were studied (Fenton reaction). We found that at high Fe concentrations, 2,4-DCP almost completely degrades via primarily the oxidation of •OH within 5 h. At low Fe concentrations, the degradation rate of 2,4-DCP decreased rapidly. The main mechanism was the combined action of •OH and O₂^•−. Without Fe, the 2,4-DCP degradation reached 13.6% in 213 h, primarily via the heterogeneous reaction on the surface of CaO₂. Besides, 2,4-DCP degradation was significantly affected by solution pH. When the solution pH was>10, the degradation was almost completely inhibited. Thus, we adopted a two-dimensional water tank experiment to study the remediation efficiency CaO₂ on the water sample. We noticed that the degradation took place mainly in regions of pH<10 (i.e., CaO₂ distribution area), both upstream and downstream of the tank. After 28 days of treatment, the average 2,4-DCP degradation level was ≈36.5%. Given the inadequacy of the results, we recommend that groundwater remediation using nano CaO₂: (1) a buffer solution should be added to retard the rapid increase in pH, and (2) the nano CaO₂ should be injected copiously in batches to reduce CaO₂ deposition.

Keywords Calcium peroxide 2,4-DCP Reaction zone Fenton reaction

Corresponding Author(s): Chuanyu Qin

Issue Date: 17 December 2020

Cite this article:

Tianyi Li,Chengwu Zhang,Jingyi Zhang, et al. Remediation of 2,4-dichlorophenol-contaminated groundwater using nano-sized CaO₂ in a two-dimensional scale tank[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 87.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1381-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/87

Fig.1 (a) 2,4-DCP degradation, and (b) plot of-ln(C/C₀) versus time obtained using different Fe²⁺ concentrations. Experimental conditions: nano CaO₂ = 0.2 g; 2,4-DCP= 30 mg/L; initial pH= 7.0.

Fig.2 2,4-DCP degradation versus time obtained using different Fe species. Experimental conditions: nano CaO₂ = 0.2 g; 2,4-DCP= 30 mg/L; Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ = 14 mg/L; initial pH= 7.0.

Fig.3 (a) 2,4-DCP degradation curves obtained at different nano CaO₂ concentrations. (b) pH changes with time. Experimental conditions: 2,4-DCP= 30 mg/L; Fe²⁺ = 14 mg/L; and initial pH= 7.0.

Fig.4 2,4-DCP degradation versus time obtained using different Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ concentrations. Experimental conditions: nano CaO₂ = 0.2 g; 2,4-DCP= 30 mg/L; and initial pH= 7.0.

Fig.5 2,4-DCP degradation in the presence of a scavenger. Experimental conditions (a): nano CaO₂ = 0.2 g, 2,4-DCP= 30 mg/L, and Fe²⁺ = 14 mg/L; (b): nano CaO₂ = 0.2 g, 2,4-DCP= 30 mg/L, and Fe²⁺ = 3 mg/L; (c): nano CaO₂ = 0.2 g and 2,4-DCP= 30 mg/L.

Fig.6 Possible pathway for 2,4-DCP degradation in different systems.

Fig.7 Change in the CaO₂ distribution in the simulated tank with time.

Fig.8 Changes in 2,4-DCP concentration in the simulated tank with time.

Fig.9 (a) Changes in the proportion of degradation area in the simulated tank with time. (b)–(d) 2,4-DCP concentrations and pH changes with time at the sampling ports 1–3, 3–3, and 2–9, respectively.

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