Enrichment and transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through dust aerosol generation from soil to the air

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1610-7

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (1) : 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1610-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Enrichment and transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through dust aerosol generation from soil to the air

Qianqian Gao^1,², Xiaojing Zhu^1,², Qihuang Wang^1,², Kaili Zhou^1,², Xiaohui Lu^1,², Zimeng Wang^1,²(

), Xiaofei Wang^1,²(

)

¹. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
². Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

● Compositional patterns of PAHs in dust aerosol vary from soil during dust generation.

● The EF of PAH in dust aerosol is affected by soil texture and soil PAH concentration.

● The sizes of dust aerosol play an important role in the enrichment of HMW-PAHs.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major organic pollutants in soil. It is known that they are released to the atmosphere by wind via dust aerosol generation. However, it remains unclear how these pollutants are transferred through the air/soil interface. In this study, dust aerosols were generated in the laboratory using soils (sandy loam and loam) with various physicochemical properties. The PAH concentrations of these soils and their generated dust aerosol were measured, showing that the enrichment factors (EFs) of PAHs were affected by soil texture, PAH contamination level, molecular weight of PAH species and aerosol sizes. The PAHs with higher EFs (6.24–123.35 in dust PM_2.5; 7.02–47.65 in dust PM₁₀) usually had high molecular weights with more than four aromatic rings. In addition, the positive correlation between EFs of PAHs and the total OC_aerosol content of dust aerosol in different particle sizes was also statistically significant (r = 0.440, P < 0.05). This work provides insights into the relationship between atmospheric PAHs and the contaminated soils and the transfer process of PAHs through the soil-air interface.

Keywords Dust aerosols Enrichment factors (EFs) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Corresponding Author(s): Zimeng Wang,Xiaofei Wang

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 26 August 2022

Cite this article:

Qianqian Gao,Xiaojing Zhu,Qihuang Wang, et al. Enrichment and transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through dust aerosol generation from soil to the air[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(1): 10.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1610-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I1/10

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. This is GAMEL to generate dust from cyclones and MOUDI at 30 L/min.

Tab.1 The concentrations of PAHs in different soils

Fig.2 Comparison of the total concentrations of PAHs (a) in the parent soils and dust aerosols of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. Red indicates parent soils, blue and purple represent PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, respectively. The EFs (b) of the total PAHs in PM_2.5 (red) and PM₁₀ (blue). The whiskers on the bars represent the standard deviations of triplicates.

Fig.3 Comparison of absolute concentrations of PAHs in the parent soils and dust aerosols. The five panels from top to the bottom are for the soil (a) S1, (b) S2, (c) S3, (d) S4, and (e) S5. The whiskers on the bars represent the standard deviations of triplicates.

Fig.4 Enrichment factors of PAHs in dust aerosols with a particle size of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. The five panels from top to the bottom are for the soil (a) S1, (b) S2, (c) S3, (d) S4, and (e) S5. The whiskers on the bars represent the standard deviations of triplicates.

Fig.5 Enrichment factors of PAHs in different dust particle sizes (10 μm, 5.6 μm, 3.2 μm, 1.8 μm, 1 μm, 0.56 μm respectively). (a) and (b) are for S1, (c) and (d) are for S2, (e) and (f) are for S3, (g) and (h) are for S4. The whiskers on the bars represent the standard deviations of triplicates.

Fig.6 Absolute concentration of OC (a) in dust aerosol with a particle cutoff size of 10 μm, 5.6 μm, 3.2 μm, 1.8 μm, 1.0 μm, 0.56 μm. The ratio of PAHs to OC (b) in the dust aerosols of different sizes. EFs of total PAHs (c) in dust aerosols. Here, the MOUDI samples were utilized. The whiskers on the bars represent the standard deviations of triplicates.

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