Micro and nano-sized bubbles for sanitation and water reuse: from fundamentals to application

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1907-1

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (12) : 147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1907-1

Micro and nano-sized bubbles for sanitation and water reuse: from fundamentals to application

Abudukeremu Kadier^1,²(

), Gulizar Kurtoglu Akkaya³, Raghuveer Singh⁴, Noorzalila Muhammad Niza⁵, Anand Parkash^1,², Ghizlane Achagri^1,², Prashant Basavaraj Bhagawati⁶, Perumal Asaithambi⁷(

), Zakaria Al-Qodah⁸, Naser Almanaseer⁹, Magdalena Osial¹⁰, Sunday Joseph Olusegun¹¹, Agnieszka Pregowska¹⁰, Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado¹²(

)

¹. Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
². Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³. Necmettin Erbakan University, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya 42090, Türkiye
⁴. Research Division, James R. Randall Research Center, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, Decatur, IL 62521, USA
⁵. Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Permatang Pauh, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
⁶. Department of Civil Engineering, S. G. Balekundri Institute of Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
⁷. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. BOX 378, Ethiopia
⁸. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 15008, Jordan
⁹. International Research Center for Water, Environment, and Energy, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 15008, Jordan
¹⁰. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
¹¹. Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1322, USA
¹². Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, 22424, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico

Download: PDF(4480 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

● MNBs can enhance other water purification methods.

● MNB technology is its ability to eliminate pathogens in water and wastewater sources.

● The stability or MNBs and oxygen transfer depend on the size of bubbles.

● Ozone-MNBs provide an efficient and cost-effective approach to wastewater treatment.

The global scarcity of drinking water is an emerging problem associated with increasing pollution with many chemicals from industry and rapid microbial growth in aquatic systems. Despite the wide availability of conventional water and wastewater treatment methods, many limitations and challenges exist to overcome. Applying technology based on microbubbles (MBs) and nano-bubbles (NBs) offers ecological, fast, and cost-effective water treatment. All due to the high stability and long lifetime of the bubbles in the water, high gas transfer efficiency, free radical generation capacity, and large specific surface areas with interface potential of generated bubbles. MBs and NBs-based technology are attractive solutions in various application areas to improve existing water and wastewater treatment processes including industrial processes. In this paper, recent progress in NBs and MBs technology in water purification and wastewater treatment along with fundamentals, application, challenges, and future research were comperhensively discussed.

Keywords Nanobubbles Microbubbles MNB Wastewater treatment Water pollution utilization

Corresponding Author(s): Abudukeremu Kadier,Perumal Asaithambi,Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado

Issue Date: 08 October 2024

Cite this article:

Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado,Agnieszka Pregowska,Sunday Joseph Olusegun, et al. Micro and nano-sized bubbles for sanitation and water reuse: from fundamentals to application[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(12): 147.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1907-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I12/147

Fig.1 Characterization of bubble based on size–schematic diagram prepared based on ISO-20480–1–2017.

Fig.2 Bubble size distribution measured in three different aeration systems. Schematic image prepared based on (Ramirez, 1979).

Fig.3 Stability of nanobubbles in deionized and salty water.

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the MNB generator. Adaptation of the image described by (Vogt, 1987).

Fig.5 Illustration of the effect of NBs on adsorption kinetics of heavy metal ions like Pb²⁺ by porous material like activated carbon (image inspired by Kyzas et al. (2021)).

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of MNBs behavior in water and interaction with water pollutants.

References	Ozone application	Results	MNBs or NBs diameter
Batagoda et al. (2018)	Wastewater treatment	Effective drinking water purification with ozone retention in water for approximately four times longer at 1 h stabilization with a nano-diffuser	–
Fan et al. (2021a)	Wastewater treatment	1.7 times higher resolution of O₃,It increased the mass transfer coefficient 4.7 times,6.9 times 4-chlorophenol removal	< 1 μm
Nashmi et al. (2020)	Wastewater treatment	Removal efficiency of Methylene orange 100% under conditions of pH 5.6	Average 32 μm
Wu et al. (2019)	Wastewater treatment	70% removal of nitrobenzene in pH 7	Less than 50?μm
Wu et al. (2022)	Wastewater treatment	Ozone NBs treatment (82.5%) is better ammonia removal than ozone-macrobubble treatment (44.2%)	< 200 nm
Chu et al. (2008)	Wastewater treatment	For 80% color removal in less time and 20% more COD removal rate with ozone MBs	Approximately a few mm
Jabesa and Ghosh (2021)	Wastewater treatment	Ozone was used 65% –79% in the conventional system, 21%–48% in the MBs system. TOC removal efficiency was the best in ozone MBs and hydrogen peroxide systems	80 μm
Kim et al. (2021)	Wastewater treatment	Reduction in acute (40-fold) and chronic (2-fold) toxicity after nano-ozone/H₂O₂ processing into wastewater for the degradation of tetramethylammonium hydroxide	Average between 86.7 and 133.7 nm
Qadafi et al. (2020)	Wastewater treatment	At pH 7, the outlet total trihalomethanes concentration was 33.73 ± 0.40 µg/L and haloacetic acids were 49.89 ± 0.09 µg/ L	Average 52 μm
Zhu et al. (2022a)	Wastewater treatment	As the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation ozone and MNB dose increased, the removal efficiency increased from 59.0% to 89.0%	The range of 10–300 nm
Xia and Hu (2018)	Wastewater treatment	The COD removal rate in high-salinity wastewater is over 63%	The range of 40–370 nm
Lee et al. (2019)	Wastewater treatment	Solubilization rate and the reactivity of O₃ and OH radicals provided strong effects on the degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds	The range of 1–25 μm
Xia and Hu (2018)	Wastewater treatment	The site contained trichloroethylene (TCE) cleared	The range of 32–60 nm
Pal et al. (2022)	Wastewater treatment	TSS 85%, BOD 80%–90% and COD 55% reduction	< 5 μm
Ng et al. (2023)	Wastewater treatment	68.2% algae removal for 9 min	–
Wei et al. (2023)	Wastewater treatment	Effective degradation of Basic Yellow 28 dye	The range of 20–30 μm
Sumikura et al. (2007)	Disinfection	NBs reduced the ozone dose required to achieve 2 log of coliform inactivation by > 70%	The range of 30–60 mm
Mezule et al. (2009)	Disinfection	3 min of exposure inhibited 75% of E. coli	–
Karamah et al. (2018)	Disinfection	Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were inactivated. E. coli reduced to zero within 60 and 45 min	–
Cruz and Flores (2017)	Disinfection	Achieving a reduction of total coliforms up to 100 CFU/100 mL (99.96%) and fecal coliforms up to 100 CFU/100 mL (99.92%)	–
Verinda et al. (2021)	Disinfection	Effective disinfection of SARS-CoV-2	–
Batagoda et al. (2019)	Soil pollution treatment	97.54% chromium removal in chromium-contaminated soil	–

Tab.1 Applications of ozone-MNBs in wastewater treatment

Tab.2 Advantages and disadvantages of the treatment methods of water and wastewater and MNBs

Fig.7 Schematic diagram on the aqueous pollution treatment by MNBs in the field.

Fig.8 Schematic image of AI application in MNBs use.

1	R Ahmadi, A Khodadadi Darban. (2013). Modeling and optimization of nano-bubble generation process using response surface methodology. International Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9(3): 151–162
2	M E Ahmed, M G Elofly, A K Priya, V Yogeshwaran, K Z Elwakeel, Z Yang, E A Lopez-Maldorado. (2024). A review on the synergistic efficacy of sonication-assisted water treatment process with special attention given to microplastics. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 206(6): 524–552
3	A AkbarN PillalamarriS JonnakutiM (2021) Ullah. Artificial intelligence and guidance of medicine in the bubble. Cell & Bioscience, 11(1): 108, 1–17
4	M Alheshibri, J Qian, M Jehannin, V S J Craig. (2016). A history of nanobubbles. Langmuir, 32(43): 11086–11100 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02489
5	A Angulo, der Linde P van, H Gardeniers, M Modestino, Rivas D Fernández. (2020). Influence of bubbles on the energy conversion efficiency of electrochemical reactors. Joule, 4(3): 555–579 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.01.005
6	A J AtkinsonO G ApulO SchneiderS Garcia-SeguraP (2019) Westerhoff. Nanobubble technologies offer opportunities to improve water treatment. Accounts of Chemical Research, 52(5): 1196–1205
7	O Ayyildiz, S Sanik, B Ileri. (2011). Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on chlorine dioxide disinfection efficiency. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18(2): 683–633 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.08.008
8	A Azevedo, R Etchepare, S Calgaroto, J Rubio. (2016). Aqueous dispersions of nanobubbles: generation, properties and features. Minerals Engineering, 94: 29–37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.05.001
9	A Azevedo, H Oliveira, J Rubio. (2019). Bulk nanobubbles in the mineral and environmental areas: updating research and applications. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 271: 101992 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.101992
10	J H BatagodaS D A HewageJ N (2018) Meegoda. Nano-ozone bubbles for drinking water treatment. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 14(2): 57–66
11	J H Batagoda, S D A Hewage, J N Meegoda. (2019). Remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated sediments in USA using ultrasound and ozone nanobubbles. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 14(2): 130–138 https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.18.00012
12	G Besagni, F Inzoli. (2016). Bubble size distributions and shapes in annular gap bubble column. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 74: 27–48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.11.020
13	G G Bessegato, T T Guaraldo, J F de Brito, M F Brugnera, M V B Zanoni. (2015). Achievements and trends in photoelectrocatalysis: from environmental to energy applications. Electrocatalysis, 6(5): 415–441 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-015-0259-9
14	K BhuniaG KunduD (2017) Mukherjee. Gas holdup characteristics in a flotation column with different solids. Separation Science and Technology, 52(7): 1298–1309
15	D E Blanco, M A Modestino. (2019). Organic electrosynthesis for sustainable chemical manufacturing. Trends in Chemistry, 1(1): 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2019.01.001
16	C F BohrenD R Huffman (1998). Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles. Washington, DC: Wiley
17	G G Botte (2014). Electrochemical manufacturing in the chemical industry. Interface Magazine, 23(3): 3
18	R BoucheronV AumelasM DonnetD FréchouA Poidatz (2018). Comparative study of optical experimental methods for micro-bubble sizing. In: Proceedings of 19th International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics. July 16–19, 2018, Lisbon, Portugal
19	W BudhijantoD DarliantoY S PradanaM (2017) Hartono. Application of micro bubble generator as low cost and high efficient aerator for sustainable fresh water fish farming. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering, November 1–2, 2016, East Java, Indonesia
20	T T Bui, M Han. (2020). Decolorization of dark green Rit dye using positively charged nanobubbles technologies. Separation and Purification Technology, 233: 116034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116034
21	M (2019) Chaplin. Nanobubbles (ultrafine bubbles). Noncommercial-No Derivative Wvorks 2.0 UK England & Vales License. Available at: www1. Lsbu. Ac. Uk/Water/Nanobubble. Html (Accessed December 21, 2017)
22	A M Chávez, O Gimeno, A Rey, G Pliego, A L Oropesa, P M Álvarez, F J Beltrán. (2019). Treatment of highly polluted industrial wastewater by means of sequential aerobic biological oxidation-ozone based AOPs. Chemical Engineering Journal, 361: 89–98 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.064
23	B Chen, S Zhou, N Zhang, H Liang, L Sun, X Zhao, J Guo, H Lu. (2022a). Micro and nano bubbles promoted biofilm formation with strengthen of COD and TN removal synchronously in a blackened and odorous water. Science of the Total Environment, 837: 155578 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155578
24	K K (2009) Chen. Bathing pool assembly with water full of nano-scale ozone bubbles for rehabilitation. United States Patent, 7488416
25	Z Chen, M Fu, C Yuan, X Hu, J Bai, R Pan, P Lu, M Tang. (2022b). Study on the degradation of tetracycline in wastewater by micro-nano bubbles activated hydrogen peroxide. Environmental Technology, 43(23): 3580–3590 https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2021.1928292
26	J Choi, J Khim, B Neppolian, Y Son. (2019). Enhancement of sonochemical oxidation reactions using air sparging in a 36 kHz sonoreactor. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 51: 412–418 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.032
27	J Choi, H Lee, Y Son. (2021). Effects of gas sparging and mechanical mixing on sonochemical oxidation activity. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 70: 105334 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105334
28	L B Chu, X H Xing, A F Yu, X L Sun, B Jurcik. (2008). Enhanced treatment of practical textile wastewater by microbubble ozonation. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 86(5): 389–393 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2008.02.005
29	W Chuenchart, R Karki, T Shitanaka, K R Marcelino, H Lu, S K Khanal. (2021). Nanobubble technology in anaerobic digestion: a review. Bioresource Technology, 329: 124916 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124916
30	M Colic, W Morse, J D Miller. (2007). The development and application of centrifugal flotation systems in wastewater treatment. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 30(2): 296–312 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2007.014706
31	R Cruz, J Flores Valvedre. (2017). Reduction of coliforms presents in domestic residual waters by air-ozone micro-nanobubbles in Carhuaz City, Peru. Journal of Nanotechnology, 1(1): 1 https://doi.org/10.32829/nanoj.v1i1.21
32	P DasK K K (2022) Singh. Wastewater remediation: emerging technologies and future prospects. Singh V P, Yadav S, Yadav K K, Yadava R N, eds. Environmental Degradation: Challenges and Strategies for Mitigation. New York: Springer International Publishing
33	H N P Dayarathne, M J Angove, R Aryal, H Abuel-Naga, B Mainali. (2021). Removal of natural organic matter from source water: review on coagulants, dual coagulation, alternative coagulants, and mechanisms. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 40: 101820 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101820
34	H N P Dayarathne, J Choi, A Jang. (2017). Enhancement of cleaning-in-place (CIP) of a reverse osmosis desalination process with air micro-nano bubbles. Desalination, 422: 1–4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.08.002
35	D W Dees, C W Tobias. (1987). Mass transfer at gas evolving surfaces: a microscopic study. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 134(7): 1702 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2100740
36	F Deng, H Olvera-Vargas, O Garcia-Rodriguez, Y Zhu, J Jiang, S Qiu, J Yang. (2019). Waste-wood-derived biochar cathode and its application in electro-Fenton for sulfathiazole treatment at alkaline pH with pyrophosphate electrolyte. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 377: 249–258 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.077
37	S Deng, L Jothinathan, Q Cai, R Li, M Wu, S L Ong, J Hu. (2021). FeOx@GAC catalyzed microbubble ozonation coupled with biological process for industrial phenolic wastewater treatment: catalytic performance, biological process screening and microbial characteristics. Water Research, 190: 116687 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116687
38	P D Desai, W C Ng, M J Hines, Y Riaz, V Tesar, W B Zimmerman. (2019). Comparison of bubble size distributions inferred from acoustic, optical visualisation, and laser diffraction. Colloids Interfaces, 3(4): 65 https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3040065
39	A A Elbatea, S A Nosier, A A Zatout, I Hassan, G H Sedahmed, M H Abdel-Aziz, M A El-Naggar. (2021). Removal of reactive red 195 from dyeing wastewater using electro-Fenton process in a cell with oxygen sparged fixed bed electrodes. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 41: 102042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102042
40	K Fan, Z Huang, H Lin, L Shen, C Gao, G Zhou, J Hu, H Yang, F Xu. (2022). Effects of micro-/nanobubble on membrane antifouling performance and the mechanism insights. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376: 134331 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134331
41	W Fan, W An, M Huo, D Xiao, T Lyu, J Cui. (2021a). An integrated approach using ozone nanobubble and cyclodextrin inclusion complexation to enhance the removal of micropollutants. Water Research, 196: 117039 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117039
42	W Fan, J Cui, Q Li, Y Huo, D Xiao, X Yang, H Yu, C Wang, P Jarvis, T Lyu. et al.. (2021b). Bactericidal efficiency and photochemical mechanisms of micro/nano bubble–enhanced visible light photocatalytic water disinfection. Water Research, 203: 117531 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117531
43	W FanY Li C WangY DuanY HuoB JanuszewskiM Sun M HuoM (2021c) Elimelech. Enhanced photocatalytic water decontamination by micro–nano bubbles: measurements and mechanisms. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(10): 7025–7033: 10
44	W Fan, Z Zhou, W Wang, M Huo, L Zhang, S Zhu, W Yang, X Wang. (2019). Environmentally friendly approach for advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluent by integration of micro-nano bubbles and photocatalysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237: 117828 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117828
45	Y Fang, D Hariu, T Yamamoto, S Komarov. (2019). Acoustic cavitation assisted plasma for wastewater treatment: degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 52: 318–325 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.003
46	T Fujita, H Kurokawa, Z Han, Y Zhou, H Matsui, J Ponou, G Dodbiba, C He, Y Wei. (2021). Free radical degradation in aqueous solution by blowing hydrogen and carbon dioxide nanobubbles. Scientific Reports, 11: 3068 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82717-z
47	A Furuichi, S Arakawa, Y Mano, I Morita, N Tachikawa, Y Yamada, S Kasugai. (2013). Comparative analysis of efficacy of ozone nano bubble water (NBW3) with established antimicrobials. bactericidal efficacy and cellular response: an in vitro study. Journal of Oral Tissue Engineering, 10(3): 131–141 https://doi.org/10.11223/jarde.10.131
48	A Ghadimkhani, W Zhang, T Marhaba. (2016). Ceramic membrane defouling (cleaning) by air nano bubbles. Chemosphere, 146: 379–384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.023
49	S Giannakis, K Y A Lin, F Ghanbari. (2021). A review of the recent advances on the treatment of industrial wastewaters by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). Chemical Engineering Journal, 406: 127083 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127083
50	P R Gogate, S Shaha, L Csoka. (2015). Intensification of cavitational activity using gases in different types of sonochemical reactors. Chemical Engineering Journal, 262: 1033–1042 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.074
51	A Gurung, O Dahl, K Jansson. (2016). The fundamental phenomena of nanobubbles and their behavior in wastewater treatment technologies. Geosystem Engineering, 19(3): 133–142 https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2016.1153987
52	G M Hansen. (1985). Mie scattering as a technique for the sizing of air bubbles. Applied Optics, 24(19): 3214–3220 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.24.003214
53	M H C Harun, W B Zimmerman. (2019). Membrane defouling using microbubbles generated by fluidic oscillation. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 19(1): 97–106 https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.056
54	H Hassanloo, X Wang. (2024). Unveiling the inherent properties and impact of ultrafine nanobubbles in polar and alcoholic media through unsupervised machine learning and atomic insight. International Journal of Thermofluids, 23: 100734 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100734
55	B Helfield, Y Zou, N Matsuura. (2021). Acoustically-stimulated nanobubbles: opportunities in medical ultrasound imaging and therapy. Frontiers in Physics, 9: 654374 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.654374
56	H Hessenkemper, S Starke, Y Atassi, T Ziegenhein, D Lucas. (2022). Bubble identification from images with machine learning methods. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 155: 104169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2022.104169
57	G Hilson. (2020). ‘Formalization bubbles’: a blueprint for sustainable artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in sub-Saharan Africa. Extractive Industries and Society, 7(4): 1624–1638 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.11.001
58	D J Holland, A Blake, A B Tayler, A J Sederman, L F Gladden. (2012). Bubble size measurement using Bayesian magnetic resonance. Chemical Engineering Science, 84: 735–745 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2012.08.024
59	Y Hu, T Xiong, M S J T Balogun, Y Huang, D Adekoya, S Zhang, Y Tong. (2020). Enhanced metallicity boosts hydrogen evolution capability of dual-bimetallic Ni–Fe nitride nanoparticles. Materials Today Physics, 15: 100267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100267
60	L Huang, X Ji, B Nan, P Yang, H Shi, Y Wu, D Yu, H Wu, P Xiao, Y Zhang. (2022). Enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation by micro–nano bubbles: measurements and mechanisms. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 965: 171449 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171449
61	A Jabesa, P Ghosh. (2021). A comparative study on the removal of dimethyl sulfoxide from water using microbubbles and millibubbles of ozone. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 40: 101937 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.101937
62	Z H Jaffari, S Na, A Abbas, K Y Park, K H Cho. (2024). Digital imaging-in-flow (FlowCAM) and probabilistic machine learning to assess the sonolytic disinfection of cyanobacteria in sewage wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 468: 133762 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133762
63	N Kalogerakis, G C Kalogerakis, Q P Botha. (2021). Environmental applications of nanobubble technology: field testing at industrial scale. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 99(11): 2345–2354 https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.24211
64	E F Karamah, F Amalia, F Amalia, S Bismo, R Ghaudenson, S Bismo, R Ghaudenson. (2018). Disinfection of Escherichia coli bacteria using combination of ozonation and hydrodynamic cavitation method with venturi injector. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8(3): 811–817 https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.8.3.3922
65	R K B Karlsson, A Cornell. (2016). Selectivity between oxygen and chlorine evolution in the Chlor-Alkali and Chlorate processes. Chemical Reviews, 116(5): 2982–3028 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00389
66	N A Khan, K C Carroll. (2020). Natural attenuation method for contaminant remediation reagent delivery assessment for in situ chemical oxidation using aqueous ozone. Chemosphere, 247: 125848 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125848
67	P Khan, W Zhu, F Huang, W Gao, N A Khan. (2020). Micro–nanobubble technology and water-related application. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 20(6): 2021–2035 https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.121
68	S Khuntia, S K Majumder, P Ghosh. (2014). Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) using ozone microbubbles. Chemosphere, 97: 120–124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.046
69	S Kim, H Kim, M Han, T Kim. (2019). Generation of sub-micron (nano) bubbles and characterization of their fundamental properties. Environmental Engineering Research, 24(3): 382–388 https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2018.210
70	S Kim, N Myoung, S Jun, A Go. (2024). Neural network-based recognition of multiple nanobubbles in graphene. Current Applied Physics, 68: 44–54 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.15658
71	M S Kim, M Han, T Kim, J W Lee, D H Kwak. (2020). Effect of nanobubbles for improvement of water quality in freshwater: flotation model simulation. Separation and Purification Technology, 241: 116731 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116731
72	T K Kim, T Kim, I Lee, K Choi, K D Zoh. (2021). Removal of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) in semiconductor wastewater using the nano-ozone H2O2 process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 409: 123759 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123759
73	Y Koda, T Miyazaki, E Sato, H Horibe. (2019). Oxidative decomposition of organic compounds by ozone microbubbles in water. Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 32(4): 615–618 https://doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.32.615
74	W Kracht, C Moraga. (2016). Acoustic measurement of the bubble Sauter mean diameter d32. Minerals Engineering, 98: 122–126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.08.001
75	A A Kulkarni, J B Joshi. (2005). Bubble formation and bubble rise velocity in gas–liquid systems: a review. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44(16): 5873–5931 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie049131p
76	G Z Kyzas, A C Mitropoulos, K A Matis. (2021). From microbubbles to nanobubbles: effect on flotation. Processes, 9(8): 1287 https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081287
77	S J Lee, S Kim. (2005). Simultaneous measurement of size and velocity of microbubbles moving in an opaque tube using an X-ray particle tracking velocimetry technique. Experiments in Fluids, 39: 492–497 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0956-x
78	Y G Lee, Y Park, G Lee, Y Kim, K Chon. (2019). Enhanced degradation of pharmaceutical compounds by a microbubble ozonation process: effects of temperature, pH, and humic acids. Energies, 12(22): 4373 https://doi.org/10.3390/en12224373
79	C Li, H Zhang. (2022). A review of bulk nanobubbles and their roles in flotation of fine particles. Powder Technology, 395: 618–633 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.004
80	H Li, L Hu, Z Xia. (2013). Impact of groundwater salinity on bioremediation enhanced by micro-nano bubbles. Materials, 6(9): 3676–3687 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6093676
81	P Li, C Wu, Y Yang, Y Wang, S Yu, S Xia, W Chu. (2018). Effects of microbubble ozonation on the formation of disinfection by-products in bromide-containing water from Tai Lake. Separation and Purification Technology, 193: 408–414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.11.049
82	L Liccardo, E Lushaj, L Dal Compare, E Moretti, A Vomiero. (2022). Nanoscale ZnO/α-Fe2O3 heterostructures: toward efficient and low-cost photoanodes for water splitting. Small Science, 2(3): 2270006 https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202270006
83	R J Lim, M Xie, M A Sk, J M Lee, A Fisher, X Wang, K H Lim. (2014). A review on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in fuel cells, metal electrodes and molecular catalysts. Catalysis Today, 233: 169–180 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.037
84	Y S Lim, P Ganesan, M Varman, F A Hamad, S Krishnasamy. (2021). Effects of microbubble aeration on water quality and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in biofloc system. Aquacultural Engineering, 93: 102159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2021.102159
85	C LiuY (2019) Tang. Application research of micro and nano bubbles in water pollution control. E3S Web of Conferences, November 1–3, 2019, Hefei, China
86	S Liu, Q Wang, H Ma, P Huang, J Li, T Kikuchi. (2010). Effect of micro-bubbles on coagulation flotation process of dyeing wastewater. Separation and Purification Technology, 71(3): 337–346 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.12.021
87	S Liu, Q Wang, T Sun, C Wu, Y Shi. (2012). The effect of different types of micro-bubbles on the performance of the coagulation flotation process for coke waste-water. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 87(2): 206–215 https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2698
88	B Louhichi, F Gaied, K Mansouri, M R Jeday. (2022). Treatment of textile industry effluents by electro-coagulation and electro-fenton processes using solar energy: a comparative study. Chemical Engineering Journal, 427: 131735 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131735
89	P Ma, C Han, Q He, Z Miao, M Gao, K Wan, E Xu. (2023). Oxidation of Congo red by Fenton coupled with micro and nanobubbles. Environmental Technology, 44(17): 2539–2548 https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2022.2036245
90	L Marbelia, Noor A Wan, A Paramesti, B A Damarjati, A Widyaparaga, M Deendarlianto, W Bilad. (2020). A comparative study of conventional aerator and microbubble generator in aerobic reactors for wastewater treatment. Materials Science and Engineering, 778(1): 012132 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/778/1/012132
91	K R Marcelino, L Ling, S Wongkiew, H T Nhan, K C Surendra, T Shitanaka, H Lu, S K Khanal. (2023). Nanobubble technology applications in environmental and agricultural systems: opportunities and challenges. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 53(14): 14 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2022.2136931
92	T J (1996) Mason. Sonochemistry: uses of ultrasound in chemistry and related disciplines. In: Siegel R J, ed. Ultrasound Angioplasty. Boston: Springer
93	R MatsuuraN KometaniH HoribeT (2022) Shirafuji. Enhanced decomposition of toxic pollutants by underwater pulsed discharge in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and microbubbles. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 61: SA
94	J N Meegoda, S Aluthgun Hewage, J H Batagoda. (2018). Stability of nanobubbles. Environmental Engineering Science, 35(1216): 11 https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2018.0203
95	J N Meegoda, S A Hewage, J H Batagoda. (2019). Application of the diffused double layer theory to nanobubbles. Langmuir, 35, 37: 12100–12112 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01443
96	J Meng, E Tabosa, W Xie, K Runge, D Bradshaw, E Manlapig. (2016). A review of turbulence measurement techniques for flotation. Minerals Engineering, 95: 79–95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.06.007
97	L Mezule, S Tsyfansky, V Yakushevich, T Juhna. (2009). A simple technique for water disinfection with hydrodynamic cavitation: effect on survival of Escherichia coli. Desalination, 248(1−3): 152–159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.051
98	E D Michailidi, G Bomis, A Varoutoglou, E K Efthimiadou, A C Mitropoulos, E P Favvas. (2019). Fundamentals and applications of nanobubbles. Interface Science and Technology, 30: 69–99 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814178-6.00004-2
99	S P Moussavi, A Kadier, R Singh, R Ashoori, M Shirinkar, J Lu, N S Zaidi, F Sher. (2022). Superior removal of humic acid from aqueous stream using novel calf bones charcoal nanoadsorbent in a reversible process. Chemosphere, 301: 134673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134673
100	S P Moussavi, A Kadier, R Singh, R Rostami, F Ghanbari, N S Zaidi, C Phalakornkule, P Asaithambi, P T P Aryanti, F A Nugroho. (2023). Analyses of sustainable indicators of water resources for redesigning the health promoting water delivery networks: a case study in Sahneh, Iran. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 7: 100346 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100346
101	E Mousset, D D Dionysiou. (2020). Photoelectrochemical reactors for treatment of water and wastewater: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 18: 1301–1318 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01014-9
102	S M A Movahed, A K Sarmah. (2021). Global trends and characteristics of nano- and micro-bubbles research in environmental engineering over the past two decades: a scientometric analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 785: 147362 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147362
103	Y MuhammadF A HawariQ Z SuryadiA D SastiqaB Rohman A SimamoraH SaputraA S KurniawanN T (2024) Ansari Rochman. Low-cost network-enabled dissolved oxygen sensor: sensor linearity characteristic. Materials Today: Proceedings
104	S S Nair, R Pinedo-Cuenca, T Stubbs, S J Davis, P B Ganesan, F Hamad. (2022). Contemporary application of microbubble technology in water treatment. Water Science and Technology, 86(9): 2138–2156 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.328
105	O A Nashmi, A Mohammed, N Abdulrazzaq. (2020). Investigation of ozone microbubbles for the degradation of methylene orange contaminated wastewater. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 21(2): 2 https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.2.4
106	P H NgQ HuangL HuangT H ChengK Y Man K P ChengP M A RitaJ ZhangS (2023) St-Hilaire. Assessment of ozone nanobubble technology to reduce freshwater algae. Aquaculture Research, e9539102
107	N Nirmalkar, A W Pacek, M Barigou. (2018). On the Existence and Stability of Bulk Nanobubbles. Langmuir, 34(37): 10964–10973 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01163
108	S Nishu. (2023). Smart and innovative nanotechnology applications for water purification. Hybrid Advances, 3: 100044 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2023.100044
109	Y ÖzdemirD DölgenH ÖztürkM N (2024) Alpaslan. Effluent concentration prediction using an artificial neural network technique in dissolved aeration flotation systems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
110	P Pal, A Joshi, H Anantharaman. (2022). Nanobubble ozonation for waterbody rejuvenation at different locations in India: a holistic and sustainable approach. Results in Engineering, 16: 100725 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100725
111	R Parmar, S K Majumder. (2013). Microbubble generation and microbubble-aided transport process intensification: a state-of-the-art report. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 64: 79–97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2012.12.002
112	A K Patel, R R Singhania, C W Chen, Y S Tseng, C H Kuo, C H Wu, C D Dong. (2021). Advances in micro- and nano bubbles technology for application in biochemical processes. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 23: 101729 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101729
113	E G M Pelssers, M A Cohen Stuart, G J Fleer. (1990). Single particle optical sizing (SPOS). Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 137(2): 350–361 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(90)90411-G
114	M Pirsaheb, S Moradi, M Shahlaei, X Wang, N Farhadian. (2020). Ultrasonic enhanced zero-valent iron-based Fenton reaction for ciprofloxacin removal under aerobic condition. Environmental Processes, 7: 227–241 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-019-00415-5
115	C Prasse, M Wagner, R Schulz, T A Ternes. (2012). Oxidation of the antiviral drug acyclovir and its biodegradation product carboxy-acyclovir with ozone: kinetics and identification of oxidation products. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(4): 2169–2178 https://doi.org/10.1021/es203712z
116	A K Yadav, S Shirin, P K Hopke, D Pal, A Jamal. (2022). Process to reduce particulate matter in ambient air using bubbles of sodium palmitate. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 45(8): 1497–1500 https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202100454
117	M Qadafi, S Notodarmojo, Y Zevi. (2020). Effects of microbubble pre-ozonation time and pH on trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids formation in pilot-scale tropical peat water treatments for drinking water purposes. Science of the Total Environment, 747: 141540 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141540
118	A S Qaddoori, J H Saud, F A Hamad. (2023). A classifier design for micro bubble generators based on deep learning technique. Materials Today: Proceedings, 80: 2684–2696 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.013
119	S Qiu, W Tang, S Yang, J Xie, D Yu, O Garcia-Rodriguez, J Qu, S Bai, F Deng. (2022). A microbubble-assisted rotary tubular titanium cathode for boosting Fenton’s reagents in the electro-Fenton process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 424: 127403 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127403
120	A Raman, C C D S Porto, H Gardeniers, C Soares, Rivas D Fernández, N Padoin. (2023). Investigating mass transfer around spatially-decoupled electrolytic bubbles. Chemical Engineering Journal, 477: 147012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147012
121	E (1979) Ramirez. Comparative Physicochemical Study of Industrial Waste-Water Treatment by Electrolytic Dispersed Air and Dissolved Air Flotation Technologies. Ware City: America Standard Inc.
122	R Ranaweera, L Luo. (2020). Electrochemistry of nanobubbles. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 22: 102–109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2020.04.019
123	P N Rizky, L B R Ritonga, K Primasari. (2022). Use of microbubble generator on the growth vannamei shrimp culture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1036: 012081 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1036/1/012081
124	O Rojviroon, T Rojviroon. (2022). Photocatalytic process augmented with micro/nano bubble aeration for enhanced degradation of synthetic dyes in wastewater. Water Resources and Industry, 27: 100169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2021.100169
125	M Sakr, M M Mohamed, M A Maraqa, M A Hamouda, A Aly Hassan, J Ali, J Jung. (2022). A critical review of the recent developments in micro–nano bubbles applications for domestic and industrial wastewater treatment. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61: 6591 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.11.041
126	A S Sekhon, P Unger, A Singh, Y Yang, M Michael. (2022). Impact of gas ultrafine bubbles on the potency of chlorine solutions against Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Journal of Food Safety, 42: e12954 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12954
127	P Seridou, N Kalogerakis. (2021). Disinfection applications of ozone micro- and nanobubbles. Environmental Science. Nano, 8: 3493 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EN00700A
128	N K ShammasG F (2010) Bennett. Principles of air flotation technology. In: Wang L K, Shammas N K, Selke W A, Aulenbach D B, eds. Flotation Technology (pp. 1–47). Clifton: Humana Press, Inc.
129	N K ShammasM F PouetA (2010) Grasmick. Wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation–flotation. In: Wang L K, Shammas N K, Selke W A, Aulenbach D B, eds. Flotation Technology. Flotation Technology (pp. 199–220). Clifton: Humana Press, Inc.
130	Y Shangguan, S Yu, C Gong, Y Wang, W Yang, L Hou. (2018). A Review of Microbubble and its Applications in Ozonation. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 3rd International Conference on Energy Equipment Science and Engineering (ICEESE 2017) 28–31 December 2017, Beijing, China, 128: 012149 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/128/1/012149
131	A M A Simpson, W A Mitch. (2022). Chlorine and ozone disinfection and disinfection byproducts in postharvest food processing facilities: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 52: 1825 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1862562
132	A Sobhy, D Tao. (2013). Nanobubble column flotation of fine coal particles and associated fundamentals. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 124: 109–116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.04.016
133	S SrisaengP SadakornK PloddiD AreechokechaiW (2023) Suwannik. Machine learning models for micro-bubble image detection in mosquito sprayer quality control: addressing class and scale imbalance. 2023 4th International Conference on Big Data Analytics and Practices (IBDAP), 1–6
134	M Sumikura, M Hidaka, H Murakami, Y Nobutomo, T Murakami. (2007). Ozone micro-bubble disinfection method for wastewater reuse system. Water Science and Technology, 56: 53 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.556
135	Y Sun, S Wang, J Niu. (2018). Microbial community evolution of black and stinking rivers during in situ remediation through micro-nano bubble and submerged resin floating bed technology. Bioresource Technology, 258: 187–194 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.008
136	W Szeto, W C Yam, H Huang, D Y C Leung. (2020). The efficacy of vacuum-ultraviolet light disinfection of some common environmental pathogens. BMC Infectious Diseases, 20: 127 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4847-9
137	M Takahashi, K Chiba, P Li. (2007). Free-Radical Generation from Collapsing Microbubbles in the Absence of a Dynamic Stimulus. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 111: 1343 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0669254
138	M Takahashi, H Ishikawa, T Asano, H Horibe. (2012). Effect of Microbubbles on Ozonized Water for Photoresist Removal. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116: 12578 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp301746g
139	M Takahashi, Y Shirai, S Sugawa. (2021). Free-radical generation from bulk nanobubbles in aqueous electrolyte solutions: ESR spin-trap observation of microbubble-treated water. Langmuir, 37(16): 5005–5011 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00469
140	R Tang, L Wang, M Ying, W Yang, A Kheradmand, Y Jiang, Z Li, Y Cui, R Zheng, J Huang. (2021). Multigraded heterojunction hole extraction layer of ZIF-CoxZn1−x on Co3O4/TiO2 skeleton for a new photoanode architecture in water oxidation. Small Science, 1: 2000033 https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202000033
141	D Tao. (2022). Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of nanobubble enhanced froth flotation: a review. Minerals Engineering, 183: 107554 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107554
142	T Tasaki, T Wada, Y Baba, M Kukizaki. (2009). Degradation of surfactants by an integrated nanobubbles/VUV irradiation technique. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48: 4237 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801279b
143	T Temesgen, T T Bui, M Han, T Kim, H Park. (2017). Micro and nanobubble technologies as a new horizon for water-treatment techniques: a review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 246: 40–51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2017.06.011
144	A Tekile, I Kim, J Y Lee. (2017). Applications of ozone micro- and nanobubble technologies in water and wastewater treatment: review. Journal of the Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, 31(6): 481–490 https://doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2017.31.6.481Te
145	T Tuziuti. (2016). Influence of sonication conditions on the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning with flowing micrometer-sized air bubbles. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 29: 604–611 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.011
146	F Y Ushikubo, M Enari, T Furukawa, R Nakagawa, Y Makino, Y Kawagoe, S Oshita. (2010). Zeta-potential of Micro- and/or Nano-bubbles in Water Produced by Some Kinds of Gases. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 43(26): 26 https://doi.org/10.3182/20101206-3-JP-3009.00050
147	T Van Le, T Imai, T Higuchi, R Doi, J Teeka, S Xiaofeng, M Teerakun. (2012). Separation of oil-in-water emulsions by microbubble treatment and the effect of adding coagulant or cationic surfactant on removal efficiency. Water Science and Technology, 66(1036): 5 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.276
148	A Vazquez, R M Sanchez, E Salinas-Rodríguez, A Soria, R Manasseh. (2005). A look at three measurement techniques for bubble size determination. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 30(1): 49–57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2005.03.018
149	Verinda S B, Yulianto E, Gunawan G, Nur M (2021). Ozonated nanobubbles:a potential hospital wastewater treatment during the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia to eradicate the persistent SARS-CoV-2 in HWWs? Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 24(1): 197
150	X VilaidaS KythavoneT (2019) Iijima. Effect of throat size on performance of microbubble generator and waste water treatment. In:IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering, 2020 3rd International Conference on Chemistry and Energy Research, 23–25 October 2020, Shenzhen, China
151	H Vogt. (1987). Superposition of microconvective and macroconvective mass transfer at gas-evolving electrodes: a theoretical attempt. Electrochimica Acta, 32(4): 633–636 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(87)87054-8
152	H Vogt, K Stephan. (2015). Local microprocesses at gas-evolving electrodes and their influence on mass transfer. Electrochimica Acta, 155: 348–356 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.008
153	H Wang, W Yang, X Yan, L Wang, Y Wang, H Zhang. (2020). Regulation of bubble size in flotation: a review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(5): 104070 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104070
154	W Wang, K Wang, L Xu, Y Li, J Niu. (2021). Raney nickel coupled nascent hydrogen as a novel strategy for enhanced reduction of nitrate and nitrite. Chemosphere, 263: 128187 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128187
155	Y Wang, T Wang. (2023). Preparation method and application of nanobubbles: a review. Coatings, 13(9): 1510 https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091510
156	J Wei, H Sha, R Wang. (2023). Study on treatment of basic yellow 28 dye wastewater by micro-nano bubble ozone catalytic oxidation. Environmental Engineering Research, 28(5): 220606 https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2022.606
157	J H Weijs, J R T Seddon, D Lohse. (2012). Diffusive shielding stabilizes bulk nanobubble clusters. ChemPhysChem, 13(8): 2197–2204 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201100807
158	C Wu, P Li, S Xia, S Wang, Y Wang, J Hu, Z Liu, S Yu. (2019). The role of interface in microbubble ozonation of aromatic compounds. Chemosphere, 220: 1067–1074 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.174
159	C WuK Nesset J MasliyahZ (2012) Xu. Generation and characterization of submicron size bubbles. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 179–182(1): 123–132
160	J Wu, K Zhang, C Cen, X Wu, R Mao, Y Zheng. (2021a). Role of bulk nanobubbles in removing organic pollutants in wastewater treatment. AMB Express, 11(1): 96 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-021-01254-0
161	Y Wu, W Tian, Y Zhang, W Fan, F Liu, J Zhao, M Wang, Y Liu, T Lyu. (2022). Nanobubble technology enhanced ozonation process for ammonia removal. Water, 14(12): 1865 https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121865
162	Z H Wu, J J Bai, D D Zhang, G Huang, T B Zhu, X J Chang, R D Liu, J Lin, J A Sun. (2021b). Statistical analysis of helium bubbles in transmission electron microscopy images based on machine learning method. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 32: 54 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-021-00886-y
163	D Xia, J Wu, K Su. (2022). Influence of micron-sized air bubbles on sonochemical reactions in aqueous solutions exposed to combined ultrasonic irradiation and aeration processes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(6): 108685 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108685
164	Z Xia, L Hu. (2018). Treatment of organics contaminated wastewater by ozone micro-nano-bubbles. Water, 11(1): 55 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010055
165	Z Xiao, T B Aftab, D Li. (2019). Applications of micro–nano bubble technology in environmental pollution control. Micro & Nano Letters, 14(7): 782–787 https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2018.5710
166	T Xiong, B Huang, J Wei, X Yao, R Xiao, Z Zhu, F Yang, Y Huang, H Yang, M S Balogun. (2022). Unveiling the promotion of accelerated water dissociation kinetics on the hydrogen evolution catalysis of NiMoO4 nanorods. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 67: 805–813 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2021.11.025
167	Xue S, Zhang Y, Marhaba T, Zhang W (2022) Aeration and dissolution behavior of oxygen nanobubbles in water. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 60: 584–591
168	K Yamamoto, P M King, X Wu, T J Mason, E M Joyce. (2015). Effect of ultrasonic frequency and power on the disruption of algal cells. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 24: 165–171 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.11.002
169	F Yang, T Xiong, P Huang, S Zhou, Q Tan, H Yang, Y Hang, Y Huang, M S Balogun. (2021). Nanostructured transition metal compounds coated 3D porous core-shell carbon fiber as monolith water splitting electrocatalysts: a general strategy. Chemical Engineering Journal, 423: 130279 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130279
170	K Yao, Y Chi, F Wang, J Yan, M Ni, K Cen. (2016). The effect of microbubbles on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient and degradation rate of COD in wastewater treatment. Water Science and Technology, 73(8): 1969–1977 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.018
171	K Yasui, T Tuziuti, W Kanematsu, K Kato. (2016). Dynamic equilibrium model for a bulk nanobubble and a microbubble partly covered with hydrophobic material. Langmuir, 32(43): 11101–11110 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04703
172	S ZengY YangN ZhangJ YeY Huang M (2021) Xiao. Enhanced ozone degradation of the p-nitrophenol wastewater by rotating-microbubble reactor. Chemical Insustry and Engineering Process, 40: 4091–4099
173	H Zhai, Q Zhou, G Hu. (2022). Predicting micro-bubble dynamics with semi-physics-informed deep learning. AIP Advances, 12(3): 035153 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0079602
174	L Zhang, Y Zhang, X Zhang, Z Li, G Shen, M Ye, C Fan, H Fang, J Hu. (2006). Electrochemically controlled formation and growth of hydrogen nanobubbles. Langmuir, 22(19): 8109–8113 https://doi.org/10.1021/la060859f
175	M Zhang, L Qiu, G Liu. (2020a). Basic characteristics and application of micro-nano bubbles in water treatment. Earth and Environmental Science, 510: 042050 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/510/4/042050
176	Q Zhang, X Zhao, J Yin, Z Sun. (2023). Micro-nano bubbles conditioning treatment of contaminated sediment for efficient reduction: dehydration characteristic and mechanism. Water, 15(11): 1985 https://doi.org/10.3390/w15111985
177	X Zhang, Q Wang, Z Wu, D Tao. (2020b). An experimental study on size distribution and zeta potential of bulk cavitation nanobubbles. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 27: 152–161 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1936-0
178	Y Zhang, T Zang, B Yan, C Wei. (2020c). Distribution characteristics of volatile organic compounds and contribution to ozone formation in a coking wastewater treatment plant. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2): 553 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020553
179	T Zheng, Q Wang, T Zhang, Z Shi, Y Tian, S Shi, N Smale, J Wang. (2015). Microbubble enhanced ozonation process for advanced treatment of wastewater produced in acrylic fiber manufacturing industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 287: 412–420 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.069
180	K Zhi, C Yang, Y Zheng, R Zhang, E O Toyosi, H Wu, Z Jiang. (2022). Enhanced electro-Fenton degradation of ciprofloxacin by membrane aeration. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 61(23): 8141–8148 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00857
181	S Zhou, K R Marcelino, S Wongkiew, L Sun, W Guo, S K Khanal, H Lu. (2022). Untapped potential: applying microbubble and nanobubble technology in water and wastewater treatment and ecological restoration. ACS ES&T Engineering, 2(9): 1558–1573 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.2c00117
182	Y Zhou, Z Han, C He, Q Feng, K Wang, Y Wang, N Luo, G Dodbiba, Y Wei, A Otsuki. et al.. (2021). Long-term stability of different kinds of gas nanobubbles in deionized and salt water. Materials, 14(7): 1808 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071808
183	X Zhu, B Wang, J Kang, J Shen, P Yan, X Li, L Yuan, S Zhao, Y Cheng, Y Li. et al.. (2022a). Interfacial mechanism of the synergy of biochar adsorption and catalytic ozone micro-nano-bubbles for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water. Separation and Purification Technology, 299: 121777 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121777
184	Y Zhu, F Deng, S Qiu, F Ma, Y Zheng, L Gao. (2022b). A self-sufficient electro-Fenton system with enhanced oxygen transfer for decontamination of pharmaceutical wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 429: 132176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132176
185	Y Zhu, F Deng, S Qiu, F Ma, Y Zheng, R Lian. (2021). Enhanced electro-Fenton degradation of sulfonamides using the N, S co-doped cathode: mechanism for H2O2 formation and pollutants decay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 403: 123950 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123950

[1]	Jiuhui Qu, Jiaping Chen. Pathways toward a pollution-free planet and challenges[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(6): 67-.
[2]	Hui Huang, Rui Ma, Hongqiang Ren. Scientific and technological innovations of wastewater treatment in China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(6): 72-.
[3]	Zhiguo Su, Lyujun Chen, Donghui Wen. Impact of wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge on the antibiotic resistome in downstream aquatic environments: a mini review[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(3): 36-.
[4]	Junchen Li, Sijie Lin, Liang Zhang, Yuheng Liu, Yongzhen Peng, Qing Hu. Brain-inspired multimodal approach for effluent quality prediction using wastewater surface images and water quality data[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(3): 31-.
[5]	Yunxin Huang, Shouyan Zhao, Keyu Chen, Baocheng Huang, Rencun Jin. A review of persulfate-based advanced oxidation system for decontaminating organic wastewater via non-radical regime[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(11): 134-.
[6]	Pelin Koyuncuoğlu, Gülbin Erden. Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(8): 99-.
[7]	Xiaohua Fu, Qingxing Zheng, Guomin Jiang, Kallol Roy, Lei Huang, Chang Liu, Kun Li, Honglei Chen, Xinyu Song, Jianyu Chen, Zhenxing Wang. Water quality prediction of copper-molybdenum mining-beneficiation wastewater based on the PSO-SVR model[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(8): 98-.
[8]	Guannan Mao, Donglin Wang, Yaohui Bai, Jiuhui Qu. Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in receiving rivers: Benefits of wastewater treatment plant upgrade[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(7): 82-.
[9]	Zhicheng Liao, Bei Li, Juhong Zhan, Huan He, Xiaoxia Yang, Dongxu Zhou, Guoxi Yu, Chaochao Lai, Bin Huang, Xuejun Pan. Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(6): 69-.
[10]	Yabing Meng, Depeng Wang, Zhong Yu, Qingyun Yan, Zhili He, Fangang Meng. *Genome-resolved metagenomic analysis reveals different functional potentials of multiple Candidatus* Brocadia species in a full-scale swine wastewater treatment system**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(1): 2-.
[11]	Runyao Huang, Jin Xu, Li Xie, Hongtao Wang, Xiaohang Ni. Energy neutrality potential of wastewater treatment plants: A novel evaluation framework integrating energy efficiency and recovery[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(9): 117-.
[12]	Shaoping Luo, Yi Peng, Ying Liu, Yongzhen Peng. Research progress and prospects of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(9): 123-.
[13]	Zhida Li, Lu Lu. Wastewater treatment meets artificial photosynthesis: Solar to green fuel production, water remediation and carbon emission reduction[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(4): 53-.
[14]	Yuqing Yan, Xin Wang. Integrated energy view of wastewater treatment: A potential of electrochemical biodegradation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(4): 52-.
[15]	Yindong Tong, Xuejun Wang, James J. Elser. Unintended nutrient imbalance induced by wastewater effluent inputs to receiving water and its ecological consequences[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(11): 149-.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed