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Frontiers of Forestry in China

ISSN 1673-3517

ISSN 1673-3630(Online)

CN 11-5728/S

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Front Fore Chin    2009, Vol. 4 Issue (1) : 90-95    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11461-009-0010-x
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Genetic diversity of Betula luminifera populations at different elevations in Wuyi Mountain and its association with ecological factors
Yiqing XIE1(), Zhizhen LI1, Ruzhu HUANG2, Xiangxi XIAO1, Yong HUANG1
1. Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; 2. College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Abstract

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of 91 genets from four wild populations of Betula luminifera at different elevations in the National Nature Reserve of the Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province, China. Eighteen random primers (from 139 primers) produced a total of 199 scorable amplified fragments, of which 174 (87.44%) were polymorphic across all individuals. The genetic diversities of B. luminifera at the population level and species level were PPL=60.05%, h=0.2242, I=0.3181 and PPL=87.44%, h=0.3442, I=0.4899, respectively. The value of differentiation (Gst=0.3486) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that there was a relatively high genetic differentiation among populations, and about one-third of the genetic variation occurred among populations. Pearson correlation analysis further revealed that the genetic diversity within populations had significant or very significant correlation with the elevation, climatic factors (annual average temperature and annual precipitation) and soil nutrient factors (total nitrogen, C/N ratio and organic matter). Mantel tests show that there was a significant correlation between the genetic distances among populations and the distance of elevation, and the divergence of soil nutrient factors. The results of the present study suggested that the relatively high genetic differentiation among populations of B. luminifera at different elevations might be caused by ecological factors and gene flow.
Keywords Betula luminifera      elevation      genetic diversity      RAPD      ecological factor     
Corresponding Author(s): XIE Yiqing,Email:xie1q@yahoo.com.cn   
Issue Date: 05 March 2009
 Cite this article:   
Yiqing XIE,Zhizhen LI,Ruzhu HUANG, et al. Genetic diversity of Betula luminifera populations at different elevations in Wuyi Mountain and its association with ecological factors[J]. Front Fore Chin, 2009, 4(1): 90-95.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/ffc/EN/10.1007/s11461-009-0010-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/ffc/EN/Y2009/V4/I1/90
ecological factorspopulation
population 1population 2population 3population 4
elevation/m5807509801 250
annual average temperature/°C17-1913-1813-1611-13
annual precipitation/mm1700200021002200
pH4.44.34.34.5
content of total nitrogen/(g·kg-1)2.43.74.05.6
C/N ratio7.128.299.7812.98
content of organic matters/(g·kg-1)47.177.898.6112.7
soilred soilyellow red soilyellow red soilred soil
number of plants29222020
Tab.1  The environmental data for the four wild populations of .
primerssequence (5′-3′)primerssequence (5′-3′)
S22TGCCGAGCTGS152TTATCGCCCC
S24AATCGGGCTGS154TGCGGCTGAG
S40GTTGCGATCCS1401CCGTCGGTAG
S45TGAGCGGACAS1402GGAAACCCCT
S105AGTCGTCCCCS1405CCCGAAGCGA
S107CTGCATCGTGS1406GTGGCTTGGA
S122GAGGATCCCTS1411GTGCGCAATG
S147AGATGCAGCCS1420CTTCTCGGAC
S151GAGTCTCAGGS1430AGCAGCGAGG
Tab.2  Primers used for RAPD analysis
populationsample sizepolymorphic locipercentage population level PPL/%observed number of alleles Nanumber of effective alleles NeShannon’s index of diversity INei’s gene diversity h
population 12913065.331.67211.42060.34840.2412
population 22212663.321.65571.40130.33410.2301
population 32011557.791.62521.37580.30920.2189
population 42010753.771.58261.35940.28060.2067
mean119.560.051.63391.38930.31810.2242
total9117487.441.86221.52690.48990.3442
Tab.3  Genetic diversity parameters of four natural populations of at different elevations
variablePOPGENEAMOVA
hShTNmGstISIT(IT-IS)/ITamong populationswithin population
species level0.22420.34420.93430.34860.31810.48990.35070.3274 (p<0.001)0.6726 (p<0.001)
SD0.14830.15710.26510.2015
Tab.4  Genetic differentiation for populations of . at different elevations
populationpopulation 1population 2population 3population 4
population 10.88970.76560.7120
population 20.08360.74150.7825
population 30.13290.10910.8397
population 40.17480.15030.1195
Tab.5  Genetic identity (above diagonal) and genetic distance (below diagonal) among populations of
ecological factorsgenetic diversity parameters
PPLNaNeShannon’s index of diversity (I)Nei’s gene diversity (h)
elevation-0.993**?-0.996**-0.989*-0.999**-0.997**
pH-0.482-0.570-0.365-0.522-0.425
annual average temperature0.9210.9390.952*0.9450.970*
annual precipitation-0.899-0.886-0.953*-0.906-0.951*
total nitrogen-0.938-0.965*-0.950*-0.964*-0.975*
C/N ratio-0.974*-0.996*-0.955*-0.990*-0.976*
organic matter-0.952*-0.935-0.987*-0.952*-0.982*
Tab.6  Pearson correlation analyses for the relationships between genetic diversity parameters within populations of . and ecological factors
divergence of ecological factors of different elevation genetic distances among different B. luminifera populations
variablecorrelation coefficient (r)level of significance (p)
elevation0.6120.044*
pH 0.6810.176
annual average temperature0.2400.344
annual precipitation0.8360.108
total nitrogen0.7270.042*
C/N ratio0.8730.049*
organic matter0.7250.037*
Tab.7  Mantel test between matrix of Nei’s unbiased genetic distances and matrixes of divergence of ecological factors of different elevations distances at . populations
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