Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in three ethnic populations from the South-west Iran: a preliminary study
Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in three ethnic populations from the South-west Iran: a preliminary study
Elham DAVOUDI-DEHAGHANI1,2(), Ali Mohammad FOROUGHMAND1, Babak SAFFARI3, Massoud HOUSHMAND4, Hamid GALEHDARI1, Mehdi SHAFA SHARIAT PANAHI4, Majid YAVARIAN5, Mohammad Hossein SANATI4, Somayeh TORFI1
1. Department of Genetics, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz 61357-43337, Iran; 2. Medical Genetics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran; 3. Human Genetic Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Fars Province Branch, Shiraz 71347, Iran; 4. National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14155-6343, Iran; 5. Hematology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71937, Iran
To investigate the genetic structure of human populations in the South-west region of Iran, mitochondrial first hypervariable DNA sequences were obtained from 50 individuals representing three different ethnic groups from Khuzestan Province. Studied groups were Shushtari Persians and Chahar Lang Bakhtiyaries from Indo-European-speaking populations and Bani Torof Arabs from Semitic-speaking linguistic families. Genetic analysis of mtDNA data showed high similarity of Chahar Lang Bakhtiyaries with other Iranian Indo-European-speaking populations while Shushtaries and Bani Torofs had a closer affinity with Semitic-speaking groups rather than to other Iranian populations. The relationship of Chahar Lang Bakhtiyaries and Bani Torof Arabs with their neighbor populations can be explained by linguistic and geographic proximity. Whereas, the greater similarity of Shushtari Persians with West Asian Arabs is probably according to high gene flow between them. This article represents a preliminary study of three major ethnic groups of South-west Iran which investigates the potential genetic substructure of the region.
. Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in three ethnic populations from the South-west Iran: a preliminary study[J]. Frontiers in Biology, 0, (): 422-432.
Elham DAVOUDI-DEHAGHANI, Ali Mohammad FOROUGHMAND, Babak SAFFARI, Massoud HOUSHMAND, Hamid GALEHDARI, Mehdi SHAFA SHARIAT PANAHI, Majid YAVARIAN, Mohammad Hossein SANATI, Somayeh TORFI. Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in three ethnic populations from the South-west Iran: a preliminary study. Front Biol, 0, (): 422-432.
South-western Iran, Khuzestan & Boushehr Provinces
Afro-Asiatic
Ashrafian-Bonab et al., 2007; Nasidze et al., 2008a
Bakhtiyari-Luri
BkLr
South-western Iran
Indo-European
Quintana-Murci et al., 2004; Ashrafian-Bonab et al., 2007; Nasidze et al., 2008a
Fars from Khuzestan
Kh.Fa
South-western Iran, Khuzestan Province
Indo-European
Ashrafian-Bonab et al., 2007
Gilaki
Gil
Northern Iran, south-western Caspian Sea
Indo-European
Quintana-Murci et al., 2004; Nasidze et al., 2006
Mazandarani
Maz
Northern Iran, south-western Caspian Sea
Indo-European
Nasidze et al., 2006
Iranian Kurds
Ir.Krd
Western Iran
Indo-European
Quintana-Murci et al., 2004
Tehrani
Teh
Northern Iran
Indo-European
Nasidze et al., 2004
Isfahani
Isf
Central Iran
Indo-European
Nasidze et al., 2004
Turkish Kurds
Tr.Krd
Eastern Turkey
Indo-European
Richards et al., 2000
Ossetian
Oss
Georgia
Indo-European
Nasidze et al., 2004
Armenian
Arm
Armenia
Indo-European
Nasidze and Stoneking, 2001
Bedouin
Bdn
Saudia Arabia
Afro-Asiatic
Di Rienzo and Wilson, 1991
Iraqi
Irq
Iraq
Afro-Asiatic
Richards et al., 2000; Al-Zahery et al., 2003
Syrian
Syr
Syria
Afro-Asiatic
Richards et al., 2000
Palestinian
Pal
Palestine
Afro-Asiatic
Di Rienzo and Wilson, 1991; Richards et al., 2000
Jordanian
Jor
Jordan
Afro-Asiatic
Richards et al., 2000
Egyptian
Egp
Egypt
Afro-Asiatic
Krings et al., 1999
Algerian
Alg
Algeria
Afro-Asiatic
Corte-Real et al., 1996
Morrocan
Mor
Morroco
Afro-Asiatic
Brakez et al., 2001
Sudanian
Sud
Sudan
Afro-Asiatic
Krings et al., 1999
Tab.1
Population
N
No. of haplotype
Nucleotide diversity±SD
Haplotype diversity±SD
MPD±SD
Tajima’s D
Fu’s Fs
Raggedness index
Shushtari Persian
16
15
0.020±0.011
0.992±0.025
7.08±3.51
-1.73*
-10.68**
0.018
Bani-Torof Arab
16
15
0.018±0.010
0.992±0.025
6.44±3.22
-1.56*
-11.38**
0.023
Chahar Lang Bakhtiyari
18
18
0.014±0.008
1.000±0.019
4.84±2.48
-1.62*
-16.64**
0.050
Iran Arab
122
102
0.018±0.010
0.993±0.003
6.46±3.08
-2.04**
-25.00**
0.008
Bakhtiyari-Luri
175
128
0.017±0.009
0.974±0.008
5.71±2.75
-2.52**
-25.00**
0.008
Fars from Khuzestan
29
26
0.016±0.009
0.990±0.013
5.53±2.73
-1.89*
-25.41**
0.012
Gilaki
87
73
0.017±0.009
0.995±0.003
6.06±2.91
-2.11**
-25.20**
0.012
Mazandarani
50
45
0.016±0.009
0.994±0.006
5.87±2.85
-2.01**
-25.31**
0.010
Iran Kurd
20
19
0.017±0.009
0.995±0.018
6.13±3.04
-1.57*
-17.15**
0.020
Tehrani
80
65
0.016±0.008
0.984±0.008
5.50±2.67
-2.05**
-25.37**
0.009
Isfahani
46
42
0.017±0.009
0.996±0.005
6.17±2.99
-2.13**
-25.24**
0.016
Turkey Kurd
53
41
0.015±0.008
0.983±0.010
5.31±2.61
-2.18**
-25.45**
0.011
Ossetian
56
39
0.015±0.008
0.977±0.010
5.39±2.63
-1.58*
-25.43**
0.011
Armenian
42
35
0.014±0.008
0.954±0.025
5.22±2.51
-2.19**
-25.52**
0.028
Bedouin
29
27
0.020±0.011
0.995±0.011
7.30±3.52
-1.69*
-25.02**
0.011
Iraqi
168
116
0.016±0.008
0.989±0.004
5.69±2.74
-2.03**
-25.05**
0.010
Syrian
69
60
0.016±0.009
0.925±0.025
5.64±2.74
-2.17**
-25.35**
0.009
Palestinian
117
99
0.016±0.008
0.994±0.003
5.64±2.73
-2.13**
-25.24**
0.011
Jordanian
146
97
0.015±0.008
0.979±0.006
5.53±2.67
-2.16**
-25.17**
0.007
Egyptian
105
92
0.022±0.011
0.991±0.004
7.93±3.72
-1.67*
-25.74**
0.005
Algerian
85
30
0.016±0.009
0.943±0.010
4.82±2.38
-1.10
-25.59**
0.018
Morrocan
154
97
0.016±0.008
0.983±0.004
5.68±2.74
-1.98**
-25.09**
0.009
Sudanian
150
115
0.024±0.012
0.990±0.003
8.45±3.95
-1.57*
-24.50**
0.004
Tab.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
1
Shu
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.018
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.009
0.007
0.010
2
Bto
0.000
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.016
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.009
0.006
0.008
3
CBk
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.015
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.009
0.007
0.007
0.010
4
Ir-Arb
0.007
0.003
0.010
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.015
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
5
BkLr
0.003
0.010
-0.004
0.010
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.014
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.007
6
Kh.Fa
0.025
-0.001
0.014
0.006
0.016
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.016
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.007
7
Gil
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.008
0.004
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.006
0.014
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.010
8
Maz
0.000
0.012
0.010
-0.002
0.002
0.010
-0.001
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.015
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
9
Ir.Krd
0.022
0.012
0.003
0.008
0.006
-0.004
0.000
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.017
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.006
0.009
10
Teh
0.026
-0.001
0.008
0.005
0.012
0.003
0.001
0.007
0.010
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.013
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.007
11
Isf
0.006
-0.003
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.002
-0.008
-0.002
-0.003
-0.002
0.005
0.005
0.015
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.007
12
Tr-Krd
0.010
0.004
0.012
0.008
0.014
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.014
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.008
0.005
0.009
13
Oss
0.030
0.013
0.035
0.003
0.036
0.040
0.023
0.030
0.016
0.015
0.020
0.004
0.014
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.004
0.007
14
Arm
0.039
0.010
0.037
0.016
0.010
0.016
0.003
0.014
0.010
0.003
0.005
0.011
0.025
0.017
0.016
0.014
0.015
0.015
0.017
0.017
0.015
0.020
15
Bdn
-0.006
-0.004
0.026
0.007
0.019
0.022
0.018
0.007
0.023
0.020
0.014
0.019
0.040
0.036
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.008
16
Irq
0.003
-0.001
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.012
0.003
0.007
0.012
0.010
0.002
0.004
0.024
0.013
0.013
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.009
17
Syr
0.012
0.001
0.018
0.001
0.011
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.009
0.006
-0.001
0.001
0.017
0.010
0.013
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.006
18
Pal
0.017
0.006
0.014
0.004
0.018
0.008
0.006
0.008
0.012
0.002
0.004
-0.001
0.015
0.011
0.018
0.006
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.003
0.005
19
Jor
0.030
0.003
0.019
0.013
0.021
0.001
0.010
0.020
0.012
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.014
0.013
0.029
0.008
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.005
20
Egp
0.030
0.010
0.050
0.014
0.048
0.025
0.032
0.028
0.029
0.028
0.020
0.032
0.038
0.053
0.014
0.033
0.020
0.026
0.031
0.007
0.004
0.004
21
Alg
0.114
0.090
0.096
0.058
0.086
0.064
0.076
0.074
0.058
0.082
0.066
0.080
0.088
0.102
0.093
0.071
0.051
0.070
0.063
0.059
0.004
0.007
22
Mor
0.047
0.029
0.040
0.019
0.035
0.019
0.027
0.029
0.020
0.027
0.020
0.024
0.037
0.034
0.042
0.026
0.015
0.020
0.023
0.030
0.031
0.005
23
Sud
0.112
0.069
0.113
0.076
0.132
0.064
0.108
0.101
0.080
0.089
0.090
0.092
0.083
0.122
0.081
0.112
0.087
0.085
0.090
0.034
0.096
0.084
Tab.3
Population
Iranian Semitic1
Iranian Indo-European2
West Asian Semitic without Iran3
West Asian Indo-European without Iran4
North African Semitic5
Shushtari Persian
0.007/0.006
0.013/0.007
0.011/0.006
0.025/0.010
0.075/0.008
Bani Torof Arab
0.003/0.005
0.005/0.006
0.001/0.005
0.009/0.009
0.049/0.007
Chahar Lang Bakhtiyari
0.010/0.006
0.005/0.006
0.017/0.007
0.017/0.009
0.074/0.008
Tab.4
Percentage of variation
Among groups
Among populations within groups
Within populations
Linguistic
0.99
3.08
95.93
Geographic 1
1.89
2.18
95.93
Geographic 2
2.02
2.14
95.84
Geographic 3
3.28
2.13
94.59
Tab.5
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