With increasing industrialization, numerous air pollutants are generated. This research aimed to investigate the effects of inhalation of oxidative pollutants. H2O2 was used to simulate oxidative air pollutants, and glutathione, a reducing agent that is widely distributed in organisms, was used as an antagonist, to protect cells from oxidative stress. H2O2 was diluted using two gradients (0.05 mM, 0.20 mM, 0.80 mM, 3.20 mM and 0.05 mM, 0.10 mM, 0.15 mM, 0.20 mM) and GSH was dissolved at 20 μM. MTT, MDA, ROS, GSH, and TSLP were used as biomarkers to evaluate oxidative stress and possible resulting molecular events. A dose–response relationship was observed between H2O2 concentrations and the above-mentioned biomarkers. Glutathione significantly reduced levels of oxidative stress.
Al-Shami A, Spolski R, Kelly J, Keane-Myers A, Leonard W J (2005). A role for TSLP in the development of inflammation in an asthma model. J Exp Med, 202(6): 829–839
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050199
pmid: 16172260
2
Crow J P (1997). Dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are sensitive indicators of peroxynitrite in vitro: implications for intracellular measurement of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Nitric Oxide, 1(2): 145–157
https://doi.org/10.1006/niox.1996.0113
pmid: 9701053
3
Li J, Li L, Chen H, Chang Q, Liu X, Wu Y, Wei C, Li R, Kwan J K, Yeung K L, Xi Z, Lu Z, Yang X (2014). Application of vitamin E to antagonize SWCNTs-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Sci Rep, 4: 4275
pmid: 24589727
4
Li Y, Liu D, Ai H,Chang Q, Liu D, Xia Y, Liu S, Peng N, Xi Z, Yang X, (2010). Biological evaluation of layered double hydroxides as efficient drug vehicles. Nanotechnology, 21(10): 105101
Massacand J C, Stettler R C, Meier R, Humphreys N E, Grencis R K, Marsland B J, Harris N L (2009). Helminth products bypass the need for TSLP in Th2 immune responses by directly modulating dendritic cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106(33): 13968–13973
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906367106
pmid: 19666528
7
Meng Z (2003). Oxidative damage of sulfur dioxide on various organs of mice: sulfur dioxide is a systemic oxidative damage agent. Inhal Toxicol, 15(2): 181–195
https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370304476
pmid: 12528046
8
Nakamura Y, Miyata M, Ohba T, Ando T, Hatsushika K, Suenaga F, Shimokawa N, Ohnuma Y, Katoh R, Ogawa H, Nakao A (2008). Cigarette smoke extract induces thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression, leading to T(H)2-type immune responses and airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 122(6): 1208–1214
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.022
pmid: 18926564
9
Oda D, Nguyen M P, Royack G A, Tong D C (2001). H2O2 oxidative damage in cultured oral epithelial cells: the effect of short-term vitamin C exposure. Anticancer Res, 21(4A): 2719–2724
pmid: 11724346
10
Pandey A, Ozaki K, Baumann H, Levin S D, Puel A, Farr A G, Ziegler S F, Leonard W J, Lodish H F (2000). Cloning of a receptor subunit required for signaling by thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Nat Immunol, 1(1): 59–64
pmid: 10881176
11
Sagan L A (1987). What is hormesis and why haven’t we heard about it before? Health Phys, 52(5): 521–525
pmid: 3570794
Shuai S, Yang S Y, Liu Z M, Yang X (2015). Oxidative damage in the kidney and brain of mice induced by different nano-materials. Frontiers in Biology, 10(1): 91–96
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-015-1345-3
14
Soumelis V, Reche P A, Kanzler H, Yuan W, Edward G, Homey B, Gilliet M, Ho S, Antonenko S, Lauerma A, Smith K, Gorman D, Zurawski S, Abrams J, Menon S, McClanahan T, de Waal-Malefyt Rd R, Bazan F, Kastelein R A, Liu Y J (2002). Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nat Immunol, 3(7): 673–680
pmid: 12055625