BACKGROUND:Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen, which is considered to be a keystone pathogen for periodontitis. A diverse conglomerate of P. gingivalis virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, capsular polysaccharide, haemagglutinin and cysteine proteases (Arg-gingipains and Lys-gingipain) are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Leupeptin is a cysteine protease inhibitor which is specific for Arg gingipains. The present review focuses on action of leupeptin on Arg gingipains.
METHOD: A search was carried out systematically from the start till September, 2016. The search was made in Medline database via PubMed. The keywords enlisted were “leupeptin”; “gingipains”; “periodontitis” using Boolean operator “and.”
RESULTS: The result was selection of 58 articles which linked leupeptin to periodontitis and gingipains; pathogenesis of periodontitis, pathogenicity of gingipains and role of leupeptin.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that leupeptin inhibits and attenuates a number of destructive activities of Arg gingipains including inhibition of platelet aggregation; inhibit degradation of LL-37, which is an antimicrobial peptide; blocking inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein; restoring level of interleukin-2; inhibiting degradation of collagen type I and IV to name a few.
. [J]. Frontiers in Biology, 2017, 12(3): 192-198.
Hansa Jain. Inhibition and attenuation of pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis by leupeptin: A review. Front. Biol., 2017, 12(3): 192-198.
Activates protease activity receptors resulting in platelet aggregation
Decreases interaction between epinephrine and Porphyromonas gingivalisthus decreasing platelet aggregation
Increasing area of atherosclerotic plaque and conversion of low density lipoprotein to foam cells
Stimulates the situation
Inhibits the process
Production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
Inhibits the process
Prevents inhibition
Degradation of antimicrobial peptide LL-37
Stimulates the process
Inhibits the process
Reduction of expression of interleukin-2
Stimulates the process
Inhibits the process, restores the level of interleukin-2
Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases which causes degradation of collagen
Stimulates the process
Inhibits the process
Degradation of laminin, fibronectin, type IV collagen and Matri protein
Stimulates the process
Inhibits the process
Direct Collagen degradation
Stimulates the process
Inhibits the process, along with this, it causes thirty fold increase in the volume fraction of cross-banded collagen fibrils.
Cell detachment
Stimulates the process
Inhibits the process
Inhibition of hydrolysis of α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin, apotransferrin, benzoyl-L-arginin-ρ-nitroanilide, benzoyl-D3L-arginine-β-naphthylamide and tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester, cleavage of LPS receptor CD14 from the surface of human U937 macrophage like cells
Stimulates the process
Inhibits the process
Degradation of transferrin for acquisition of iron
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