|
|
Quantitative method for identifying networks of minimum priority sites for protection of rare and endangered plant species in Guangdong, China |
Benyang Wang1, Fuhe Luo1, Xuening Zhen1, Shixiao Yu2() |
1. College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University; 2. Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University |
|
|
Abstract The approaches to enlarge the protected areas are deeply embedded in the conservation planning. In practice, however, even in some sites of top conservation priority, there exist problems of inefficient conservation for lack of funding, to say nothing of assisting all species under threat from the viewpoint of conservationists. Identifying priority sites for conservation and establishing networks of minimum priority sites (NOMPS) are helpful for promoting the transition from number and size oriented, to quality and effectiveness oriented practices of biological conservation, and for realizing the target of biodiversity conservation with the most benefits for the least costs. Based on heuristic algorithm and integer linear programming (ILP), we propose a refined method of heuristic integer linear programming (HILP) for quantitative identification of the NOMPS to protect rare and endangered plant species (REPS) in Guangdong Province, China. The results indicate that there are 19 priority sites which are essential for protecting all of the 107 REPS distributed in 83 sites in Guangdong. These should be the paramount targets of financing and management. Compared with the ILP, which uses minimum number of sites as the only constraint, HILP takes into consideration of the effect of species richness, and is thus more suitable for conservation practices though with a little more number of priority sites selected. It is suggested that ILP and HILP are both effective quantitative methods for identifying NOMPS and can yield important information for decision making, especially when economic factors are constraints for biological conservation.
|
Keywords
biodiversity
biological conservation
nature reserve
optimization
priority sites
|
Corresponding Author(s):
Yu Shixiao,Email:lssysx@mail.sysu.edu.cn
|
Issue Date: 05 March 2009
|
|
1 |
AckeryP R, Vane-WrightR I (1984). Milkweed butterflies: their cladistic and biology. London: British Museum of Natural History; and Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 448
|
2 |
BalmfordA, GastonK J, BlythS, JamesA, KaposV (2003). Global variation in conservation costs, conservation benefits, and unmet conservation needs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 100(3): 1046–1050 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0236945100
|
3 |
BalmfordA, GastonK J, RodriguesA S L, JamesA (2000). Integrating costs of conservation into international priority setting. Conservation Biology , 14(3): 597–605 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.00000-i2.x
|
4 |
BrooksT, BalmfordA (1996). Atlantic forest extinctions. Nature , 380(6570): 115 doi: 10.1038/380115a0
|
5 |
ChenL E, YuS X, MiaoR H (1997). Rare and endangered plants and their distribution in Guangdong. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany , 5(4): 1–7 (in Chinese)
|
6 |
ChengK W, ZangR G (2004). Advances in species endangerment assessment. Biodiversity Science , 12: 534–540 (in Chinese)
|
7 |
ChurchR L, StomsD M, DavisF W (1996). Reserve selection as a maximal covering location problem. Biological Conservation , 76: 105–112 doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(95)00102-6
|
8 |
DirzoR, RavenP H (2003). Global state of biodiversity and loss. Annual Review of Environment and Resources , 28(1): 137–167 doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532
|
9 |
FahrigL (2003). Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics , 34: 487–515 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132419
|
10 |
FieldB C, FieldM K (2001). Nature Resources Economics: an Introduction, 3rd ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill
|
11 |
FuL G, JinJ M (1992). The Red Data Book of China's Plant: Rare and Endangered Plants. Beijing: Science Press
|
12 |
GareyM R, JohnsonD S (1979). Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-completeness. New York, NY, USA: W. H. Freeman & Co.
|
13 |
HoekstraJ M, BoucherT M, RickettsT H, RobertsC (2005). Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters , 8(1): 23–29 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00686.x
|
14 |
HugheyK F D, CullenR, MoranE (2003). Integrating economics into priority setting and evaluation in conservation management. Conservation Biology , 17: 93–103 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01317.x
|
15 |
JiangZ G, FanE Y (2003). Exploring the endangered species criteria: rethinking the IUCN Red List Criteria. Biodiversity Science , 11(5): 383–392 (in Chinese)
|
16 |
Kamden-TohamA, AdelekeA W, BurgessN D, CarrollR, D'AmicoJ, DinersteinE, OlsonD M, SomeL (2003). Forest conservation in the Congo Basin. Science , 299: 346 doi: 10.1126/science.299.5605.346
|
17 |
KirkpatrickJ B (1983). An iterative method for establishing priorities for selection of nature reserves: an example from Tasmania. Biological Conservation , 25: 127–134 doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(83)90056-3
|
18 |
LindenmayerD B, FranklinJ F, FischerJ (2006). General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation , 131: 433–445 doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.019
|
19 |
LiraR, VillaseňorJ L, OrtízE (2002). A proposal for the conservation of the family Cucurbitaceae in Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation , 11(10): 1699–1720 doi: 10.1023/A:1020303905416
|
20 |
MaK M, BaiX (2006). Economics in biological conservation. Biodiversity Science , 14(3): 265–273 (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/biodiv.050137
|
21 |
MarrisE (2004). Ecologists attack plans for rare-species act. Nature , 432(7018): 661 doi: 10.1038/432661a
|
22 |
McNeelyJ A, MillerK R, ReidW V, MittermeierR, WernerT B (1990). Conserving the World's Biological Diversity. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland; World Resources Institute, Conservation International, World Wildlife Fund US and the World Bank, Washington, D.C.
|
23 |
MyersN, MittermeierR A, MittermeierC G, da FonsecaG A B, KentJ (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature , 403: 853–858 doi: 10.1038/35002501
|
24 |
OuyangZ Y, WangX K, MiaoH, HanN Y (2002). Problems of management system of China's nature preservation zones and their solutions. Science and Technology Review , 1: 49–56 (in Chinese)
|
25 |
PimmS L, RavenP (2000). Extinction by numbers. Nature , 403: 843–845 doi: 10.1038/35002708
|
26 |
PimmS L, RussellG J, GittlemanJ L, RooksT M (1995). The future of biodiversity. Science , 269: 347–350 doi: 10.1126/science.269.5222.347
|
27 |
PossinghamH P, BallI R, AndelmanS (2000). Mathematical methods for identifying representative reserve networks. In: Ferson S, Burgman M A, eds. Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology , New York: Springer-Verlag, 291–306
|
28 |
PossinghamH P, WilsonK A (2005). Turning up the heat on hotspots. Nature , 436: 919–920 doi: 10.1038/436919a
|
29 |
PresseyR L, HumphriesC J, MargulesC R, Vane-WrightR I, WilliamsP H (1993). Beyond opportunism: key principles for systematic reserve selection. Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 8(4): 124–128 doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90023-I
|
30 |
RebeloA G (1994). Iterative selection procedures: centers of endemism and optimal placement of reserves. Strelitzia , 1: 231–257
|
31 |
SouléM E (1991). Conservation: tactics for a constant crisis. Science , 253: 744–750 doi: 10.1126/science.253.5021.744
|
32 |
SutherlandW J (1998). Conservation Science and Action. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science
|
33 |
Vane-WrightR I, HumphriesC J, WilliamsP H (1991). What to protect? - Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation , 55: 235–254 doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90030-D
|
34 |
VillaseňorJ L, IbarraG, OcaňaD (1998). Strategies for the conservation of Asteraceae in Mexico. Conservation Biology , 12: 1066–1075 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97171.x
|
35 |
WangF G, YeH G, YeY S, ZhouL X (2004). Geographical distribution of rare and endangered plants in Guangdong. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany , 12: 21–28 (in Chinese)
|
36 |
WilkieD S, CarpenterJ F, ZhangQ (2001). The under-financing of protected areas in the Congo Basin: so many parks and so little willingness-to-pay. Biodiversity and Conservation , 10, 691–709 doi: 10.1023/A:1016662027017
|
37 |
YuW G, LuoY B, JinZ Q (2006). Study on species diversity and priority area of wild orohids in Hainan Island. Journal of Plant Ecology , 30(6): 911–918 (in Chinese)
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|