Mechanisms of testicular immune privilege

doi:10.1007/s11515-011-1010-4

Front Biol

2011, Vol. 06

Issue (01) : 19-30 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-011-1010-4

REVIEW

Mechanisms of testicular immune privilege

Tao WANG, Xueying FENG, Daishu HAN(

)

Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China

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Abstract

The testis exhibits a distinctive form of immune privilege to protect the germ cells from the host immune attack. The property of testicular immune privilege was originally attributed to the blood-testis barrier in the seminiferous epithelium, which sequesters antigens. Recent studies have uncovered several levels of immune control besides the blood-testis barrier involved in the privilege of the testis, including the mechanisms of immune tolerance, reduced immune activation, localized active immunosuppression and antigen-specific immunoregulation. The somatic cells of the testis, especially Sertoli cells, play a key role in regulating the testicular immune privileged status. The constitutive expression of anti-inflammatory factors in the testis by somatic cells is essential for local immunosuppression. Growing evidence shows that androgens orchestrate the inhibition of proinflammatory factors and shift cytokine balance toward a tolerogenic environment. Disruption of these protective mechanisms, which may be caused by trauma, infection and genetic factors, can lead to orchitis and infertility. This review article highlights the unique immune environment of the testis, particularly focuses on the regulation of testicular immune privilege.

Keywords immune privilege testis immunoregulation spermatogenesis

Corresponding Author(s): HAN Daishu,Email:dshan@ibms.pumc.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 February 2011

Cite this article:

Tao WANG,Xueying FENG,Daishu HAN. Mechanisms of testicular immune privilege[J]. Front Biol, 2011, 06(01): 19-30.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-011-1010-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2011/V06/I01/19

Fig.1 Schamatic drawing of micrographs of a mammalian testis. (A) The seminiferous tubules within the developing germ cells are in intimate association with Sertoli cells, and the interstitial compartment between the tubules. The Sertoli cells extend from the basal lamina to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule, and are required for the development of the germ cells by providing physical support and nutrients. Myoid peritubular cells surround the seminiferous tubules and maintain the integrity of the tubules by secreting the components of the basal lamina enclosing the tubules. (B) Amplification of the seminiferous epithelium shows different stages of germ cells. (C) Amplification of the interstial compartment shows that the interstitium contains mainly Leydig cells (LC), which produce androgens, and various types of immune cells including macrophages (M?), dendritic cells (DC), T cells (T) and mast cells (MC), as well as blood vessels (BV) ().

Fig.2 A model of intercellular communication in the testis leading to immune privilege. Sertoli cells play a central role, under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from pituitary, androgens from Leydig cells and germ cell antigens. Testicular macrophage function is regulated by Leydig and Sertoli cells via paracrine molecules. The infiltration and activity of the other immune cells including T lymphocytes (T), dendritic cells (DC) and mast cells (MC) were regulated by cytokine from Leydig, Sertoli cells and mcrophages.

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