The stomata frontline of plant interaction with the environment-perspectives from hormone regulation

doi:10.1007/s11515-012-1193-3

Front Biol

2012, Vol. 7

Issue (2) : 96-112 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-012-1193-3

REVIEW

The stomata frontline of plant interaction with the environment-perspectives from hormone regulation

Mengmeng ZHU¹, Shaojun DAI^1,2, Sixue CHEN¹(

)

1. Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; 2. Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China

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Abstract

Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to perceive and integrate signals from various environmental conditions. On leaf surface, stomata formed by pairs of guard cells mediate gas exchange, water transpiration as well as function in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Stomatal closure could be induced by drought, salt, pathogen and other adverse conditions. This constitutes an instant defense response to prevent further damage to plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major plant hormone involved in stress responses. Stress-activated ABA synthesis causes stomatal closure and prevents opening to reduce water loss and cell dehydration. Key regulatory receptor complex and other important components in the ABA signaling pathway have been identified. However, our knowledge of ABA signal transduction in guard cells is far from complete. Jasmonates are a group of phytohormones generally known to be important for plant defense against insects and necrotrophic pathogens. The increased levels of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induced by herbivory and pathogen invasion show a similar effect on stomatal movement associated with ROS production as ABA. Investigation of guard cell signaling networks involving the two important phytohormones is significant and exciting. Information about protein and metabolite components and how they interact in guard cells is lacking. Here we review recent advances on hormone signaling networks in guard cells and how the networks integrate environmental signals to plant physiological output.

Keywords stomata guard cells hormone signaling molecular networks

Corresponding Author(s): CHEN Sixue,Email:schen@ufl.edu

Issue Date: 01 April 2012

Cite this article:

Shaojun DAI,Sixue CHEN,Mengmeng ZHU. The stomata frontline of plant interaction with the environment-perspectives from hormone regulation[J]. Front Biol, 2012, 7(2): 96-112.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-012-1193-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2012/V7/I2/96

Fig.1 Overview of the ABA signaling networks in guard cells. [Ca], cytosolic free Ca concentration; ABA, abscisic acid; ABC, ATP binding cassette; ABI1, ABA insensitive 1; ABI2, ABA insensitive 2; ABI5, ABA insensitive 5; AREB 2, ABA responsive element binding protein 2; Asc, ascorbic acid; ATGPX3, glutathione peroxidase 3; AtRboh, respiratory burst oxidase protein; CDPK, calcium-dependent protein kinase; CP, carotenoid precursor; ETR1, ethylene response 1; G, glucosinolate; GCA2, growth controlled by abscisic acid 2; GCR2, G protein-coupled receptor; GPA1, α-subunit of the trimeric G protein; GRX, glutaredoxin; HAB1&2, homology to ABI1 1&2; IP, inositol trisphosphate; ITC, isothiocyanate; KAT1, potassium channel 1; M, myrosinase; GTG, G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) type protein; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; OST1, open stomata 1; PA, phosphatidic acid; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; PI4K, phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase; PIP, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; PLC, phospholipase C; PLD, phospholipase D; POX, peroxidase; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A; PP2C, protein phosphatase 2C; PYL, pyrabactin resistance-like; PYR, pyrabactin resistance; RCAR, regulatory component of ABA receptor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SLAC1, slow anion channel 1; SnRK2, sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2; TF, transcription factor; TRX, thioredoxin.

Fig.2 implified model of crosstalk between ABA and MeJA signaling in stomatal closure. [Ca], cytosolic calcium concentration; ABA, abscisic acid; ; , ; I channels, Ca ion channel; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; , ; pH, cytosolic pH; RCN1, root curling in n-naphthylphthalamic acid 1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; .

Tab.1 Protein components of guard cell ABA and MeJA signaling pathways in

Fig.3 Diagram of potential modifications of redox sensitive cysteines in guard cell proteins. The reversible cysteine modifications may play important signaling roles in stomatal movement as redox switches.

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