Role of upstream stimulatory factor 2 in diabetic nephropathy

doi:10.1007/s11515-015-1359-x

Front. Biol.

2015, Vol. 10

Issue (3) : 221-229 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-015-1359-x

REVIEW

Role of upstream stimulatory factor 2 in diabetic nephropathy

Shuxia Wang(

)

Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA

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Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). About 20%–30% of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes develop DN . DN is characterized by both glomerulosclerosis with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix expansion, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis . Hyperglycemia and the activation of the intra-renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetes have been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of DN. However, the mechanisms are not well known.

Studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the transcription factor—upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) is an important regulator of DN. Moreover, the renin gene is a downstream target of USF2. Importantly, USF2 transgenic (Tg) mice demonstrate a specific increase in renal renin expression and angiotensin II (AngII) levels in kidney and exhibit increased urinary albumin excretion and extracellular matrix deposition in glomeruli, supporting a role for USF2 in the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we summarize our findings of the mechanisms by which diabetes regulates USF2 in kidney cells and its role in regulation of renal renin-angiotensin system and the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords USF2 renin-angiotensin system TGF-β renal fibrosis

Corresponding Author(s): Shuxia Wang

Just Accepted Date: 17 April 2015 Online First Date: 14 May 2015 Issue Date: 23 June 2015

Cite this article:

Shuxia Wang. Role of upstream stimulatory factor 2 in diabetic nephropathy[J]. Front. Biol., 2015, 10(3): 221-229.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-015-1359-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2015/V10/I3/221

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of USF2 structure and its regulated genes. USR: USF-specific region; B: basic region; HLH: Helix–loop–helix domain; LZ: leucine zipper domain.

Fig.2 siRNA-USF2 transfection inhibits high glucose levels-induced TGF-β production. Mouse mesangial cells were transfected with siRNA-USF2 or control siRNA for 48 h. Then cells were treated with normal or high glucose media for 24h. Conditioned media were collected and used for measuring active and total TGF-β levels by PAI-1/Lucifersae assay. Cells were harvested to determine the USF2 protein levels in nuclear extracts by immunoblotting. TBP (anti-TATA binding protein) was used as internal nuclear loading control. Data are represented as mean of 3 replicates±S.D. *, p<0.05 vs. NG. &, p<0.05 vs. NG of control siRNA. # P<0.05 vs. HG of control siRNA.

Fig.3 Model of the role of USF2 in DN. Diabetic conditions upregulate kidney USF2 levels. USF2 binds to renin promoter and increases renin gene expression and stimulates angiotensin II production in kidney cells. Increased angiotensin II increases TGF-β levels and then extracellular matrix production in kidney cells, which leads to renal fibrosis.

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[1]	Claudia A. BERTUCCIO,Daniel C. DEVOR. Intermediate conductance, Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels: a novel target for chronic renal diseases[J]. Front. Biol., 2015, 10(1): 52-60.

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