Abstract：Energy use in buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its significant proportion in the energy pan of the world. China is the second largest energy user, yet the situation of energy use in the China building sector remains unclear, due to problems of statistics and data processing and problematic use of these data. In this paper, a series of methods is developed, in the first place, to give strict definitions of energy data and to divide energy use into 4 sub-sectors according to the unique situation of China. Then, each sub-sector is further analyzed through international comparisons. Existing problems of energy use and solutions for energy reduction in each sub-sector are also discussed. Accordingly, it is found that China uses much less energy, in terms of both per capita and unit area, in buildings than developed countries. The difference in energy use could be attributed, in large part, to lifestyles of local people, which could determine their way of energy use but is more determined by cultural concepts than by others such as income, technique and so on, especially in China. However, to fulfill the requirements of lifestyles with higher living standards and lower energy consumption, technological innovations are needed.
. Comparative analysis of energy use in China building
sector: current status, existing problems and solutions[J]. Front. Energy, 2010, 4(1): 2-21.
Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI, . Comparative analysis of energy use in China building
sector: current status, existing problems and solutions. Front. Energy, 2010, 4(1): 2-21.
Sartori I, Hestnes A G. Energy use in the life cycle of conventional and low-energy buildings:A review article. Energy and Building, 2007, 39(3): 249–257 doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.07.001
Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2008. USA: EIA Publications, 2008
National Bureau of Statisticsof China. China Statistical Yearbook 2009. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2009
Ministry of Commerce,Industry and Energy & Korea Energy Economics Institute. Yearbook of Energy Statistics. Seoul: Korean Energy EconomicsInstitute, 2007
The United State Departmentof Energy. 2008 Buildings Energy Data Book. USA: D&RInternational, Ltd., 2008
National Bureau of Statisticsof China. China Statistical Yearbook 2008. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008
Intelligent Energy ofEPBD. Applying the EPBD to improve the energyperformance requirements to existing buildings-ENPER-EXIST. Europe: FraunhoferInstitute for Building Physics, 2007
Korean Energy EconomicsInstitute. Energy Use Survey 2005. Seoul: Ministryof Commerce, Industry and Energy, 2005
Long Weiding. Proportion of energy consumption of building sector andtarget of building energy efficiency in China. China Energy, 2005, 27(10): 23–27
Building Energy ResearchCentre of Tsinghua University. 2009 AnnualReport on China Building Energy Efficiency. Beijing: China Building IndustryPress, 2009
Tu Fengxiang. Why is Chinese building energy consumption much higherthan developed countries? Builders’Monthly, 1998, (5): 58 (in Chinese)
Tu Fengxiang. How much difference of building energy consumption isthere between China and developed countries. Solar Energy, 2003, (1): 11, 45 (in Chinese)
Li Baizhan, Yao Runming. Urbanisationand its impact on building energy consumption and efficiency in China. Renewable Energy, 2009, 34(9): 1994–1998 doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.02.015
Duchin F. Technology and lifestyles: a focus for research in ecologicaleconomics. Plenary Address at the FirstESEE Conference, Saint Quentin, Paris, France, 1996, 23–25
Boardman B. DECADE: Domestic Equipment and Carbon Dioxide Emissions. ECU Research Report 16. Oxford, 2007
Jeeninga H. Domestic appliances and life style. Consequences for Domestic Electricity Consumption in 2010 (Summaryof Dutch Report). Petten: ECN Policy Studies, 1998
Balaras C A, Droutsa K, Argiriou A A. EPIQR surveys of apartmentbuildings in Europe. Energy and Building, 2000, 31(2): 111–128 doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00025-0
Buck J, Young D. The potentialfor energy efficiency gains in the Canadian commercial building sector:A stochastic frontier study. Energy, 2007, 32(9): 1769–1780 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2006.11.008
Weber C, Perrels A. Modellinglifestyle e!ects on energy demand and related emissions. Energy Policy, 2000, 28(8): 549–566 doi: 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00040-9
Lopes L, Hokoi S, Miura H, Shuhei K. Energy efficiency and energy savings in Japanese residentialbuildings－Research methodology and surveyed results. Energy and Buildings, 2005, 37(7): 698–706 doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.09.019
Natural Resources Canada. 2006 Energy Use Data Handbook. Canada: Energy Publications Officeof Energy Efficiency, 2007
Yutaka T, Oki F, Yoshimitsu M, Shuichi M. A detailed energy demand estimation and CO2 emission inventory of residential house by prefectureand housing type in Japan. Journal of EnvironmentalEngineering, 2005, 592: 89–96 (in Japanese)
Information Centre ofChina Meteorological Administration, Department of building scienceand technology of Tsinghua University. MeteorologicalDatabase For China Building Thermal Environmental Analysis. Beijing: China Building Industry Press; 2006
Liu Lanbin. Research on on-off valve regulation and household heatallocation technique in district heating system. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2009
Building Energy ResearchCentre of Tsinghua University. 2008 AnnualReport on China Building Energy Efficiency. Beijing: China Building IndustryPress, 2008
Li Zhaojian. Study on the life cycle consumption of energy and resourceof air conditioning in urban residential buildings in China. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2007
Energy Information Administration. 2005 Residential Energy Use Survey. USA: EIA Publications, 2005
