Biding strategy of vehicle parking for participating in energy and spinning reserve markets
Ali MANSOORI1, Rahmat AAZAMI2,3(), Ramin SAYADI3
1. Ilam Electrical Power Distribution Company, Ilam 69315-516, Iran 2. Faculty of Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516,Iran 3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
In this paper a model for suggesting a smart parking that involves a set of electric cars is presented to auction the management ability and correct parking planning in reserve spinning market, secondary energy market and grid. Parking interest under various scenarios is analyzed and its effective results are presented by a valid model. Besides, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for calculating maximum benefit.
. [J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2014, 8(4): 403-411.
Ali MANSOORI, Rahmat AAZAMI, Ramin SAYADI. Biding strategy of vehicle parking for participating in energy and spinning reserve markets. Front. Energy, 2014, 8(4): 403-411.
Battery capacity/kWh Length of battery charge or discharge/h
10 4
50 4
Car number
5
15
Initial charge/%(SOCi)
0
—
Final charge/%(SOCo)
—
100
Random discharge/% ()
0
—
Random charge/%()
—
100
Auctions in energy secondary market and power grid/%
—
90
Auctions in spanning reserve market/%
10
—
Tab.1
Fig.8
Fig.9
Fig.10
Fig.11
Fig.12
Fig.13
Fig.14
Fig.15
1
W Kempton, J Tomic. Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 144(1): 268–279 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.025
2
W Kempton, J Tomic. Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting Large-scale renewable energy. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 144(1): 280–294 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.022
3
S Jang, S Han, S H Han, K Sezaki. Optimal decision on contract size for V2G aggregator regarding frequency regulation, In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment . Brasov, Romania, 2010, 54–62
4
A Karnama. Analysis of intergration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the distribution grid. Dissertation for the Master's Degree. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology, 2009
5
S Inage. Modelling Load Shifting Using Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid Environment, 2013–10
6
E Sortomme, M A El-Sharkawi. Optimal charging strategies for unidirectional vehicle-to-grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2011, 2(1): 131–138 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2010.2090910
7
M Abolfazli, M H Bahmani, S Afsharnia, M S Ghazizadeh. A probabilistic method to model PHEV for participation in electricity market. 2013–10
8
S L Andersson, A K Elofsson, M D Galus, L Göransson, S Karlsson, F Johnsson, G Andersson. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as regulating power providers: Case studies of Sweden and Germany. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(6): 2751–2762 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.006
9
G K Venayagamoorthy, P Mitra, K Corzine, C Huston. Real time modeling of distributed plug-in vehicles for V2G transactions. 2013–10
10
A Y Saber, G K Venayagamoorthy. Efficient utilization or renewable energy sources by gridable vehicles in cyber-physical energy systems. IEEE Systems Journal, 2010, 4(3): 285–294 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2010.2059212
11
P Mitra, G K Venayagamoorthy. Wide area control for improving stability of a power system with plug in electric vehicles. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2010, 4(10): 1151–1163 https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2009.0505
12
N Hartmann, E D Ozdemir. Impact of different utilization scenarios of electric vehicles on the German grid in 2030. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(4): 2311–2318 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.117