|
|
Numerical simulation of biodiesel fuel combustion
and emission characteristics in a direct injection diesel engine |
Yi REN,Ehab ABU-RAMADAN,Xianguo LI, |
Mechanical and Mechatronics
Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; |
|
|
Abstract The effect of the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel fuels on the combustion process and pollutants formation in Direct Injection (DI) engine are investigated numerically by using multi-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. In the current study, methyl butanoate (MB) and n-heptane are used as the surrogates for the biodiesel fuel and the conventional diesel fuel. Detailed kinetic chemical mechanisms for MB and n-heptane are implemented to simulate the combustion process. It is shown that the differences in the chemical properties between the biodiesel fuel and the diesel fuel affect the whole combustion process more significantly than the differences in the physical properties. While the variations of both the chemical and the physical properties between the biodiesel and diesel fuel influence the soot formation at the equivalent level, the variations in the chemical properties play a crucial role in the NOx emissions formation.
|
Keywords
biodiesel
diesel engine
CFD simulation
combustion
pollutant formation
|
Issue Date: 05 June 2010
|
|
|
Huang Z H, Wang H W, Chen H Y. Study on combustion characteristics ofa compression ignition engine fueled with dimethyl ether. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D, J Automobile Eng, 1999, 213(D6): 647―652
|
|
Huang Z H, Jiang D M, Zeng K, Liu B, Yang Z L. Combustion characteristicsand heat release analysis of a DI compression ignition engine fueledwith Diesel-dimethyl carbonate blends. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D, J Automobile Eng, 2003, 217(D7): 595―606
|
|
Beatrice C, Capaldi P, Del N. Giacomo, Analysis of impactof diesel fuel/biodiesel blends on a modern diesel combustion systemperformance by means of injection test rig, optical and real SC engineexperiments. SAE paper 2009―01―0484, 2009
|
|
Murugesan A, Umarani C, Subramanian R, Nedunchezhian N. Bio-diesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines-A review. Renewable and Sustainable EnergyReviews, 2009, 13(3): 653―662,.
doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2007.10.007
|
|
Graboski M S, McCormik R L. Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci, 1998, 24(2): 125―164
doi: 10.1016/S0360-1285(97)00034-8
|
|
Knothe G, Krahl J, Van G J. The Biodiesel Handbook. New York: AOCS Press, 2005, 76
|
|
Chakravarthy K, McFarlane J, Daw S. Physical properties of bio-dieseland implications for use of bio-diesel in diesel engines. SAE 2007―01―4030,2007
|
|
Sharp C A, Howell S A, Jobe J. The effect of biodiesel fuelson transient emissions from modern diesel engines. Part I: Regulated emissions and performance. SAE paper 2000―01―1967, 2000
|
|
Sharp C A, Howell S A, Jobe J. The effect of biodiesel fuelson transient emissions from modern diesel engines. Part II: Regulated emissions and performance. SAE paper 2000―01―1968, 2000
|
|
Rakopoulos C D, Rakopoulos D C, Hountalas D T, Giakoumis E G, Andritsakis E C. Performance and emissions of bus engine using blends of diesel fuelwith bio-diesel of sunflower or cottonseed oils derived from Greekfeedstock. Fuel, 2008, 87(2): 147―157
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.011
|
|
Rakopoulos C D, Antonopoulos K A, Rakopoulos D C, Hountalas D T, Giakoumis E G. Comparative performance and emissions study of a direct injectionDiesel engine using blends of Diesel fuel with vegetable oils or bio-dieselsof various origins. Energy Conversion andManagement, 2006, 47(18,19): 3272―3287
|
|
Bannister C D, Hawley J G, Ali H M, Chuck C J, Price P, Brown A J, Pickford W. Quantifyingthe effects of biodiesel blend ratio, at varying ambient temperatures,on vehicle performance and emissions. SAE paper 2009―01―1893, 2009
|
|
Fang T, Lee C F. Bio-dieseleffects on combustion processes in an HSDI diesel engine using advancedinjection strategies. Proceedings of theCombustion Institute, 2009, 32(2): 2785―2792
doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2008.07.031
|
|
Zhao F, Asmus T W, Assanis D N, Dec J E, Eng J A, Najit P M. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines:Key Research and Development Issues. Warrendale, USA: SAE International, 2003, 11―12
|
|
Pogoreve P, Kegl B, Skerget L. Diesel and biodiesel fuel spray simulations. Energy & Fuels, 2008, 22(2): 1266―1274
doi: 10.1021/ef700544r
|
|
Choi C Y, Bower G R, Reitz R D. Effects of biodiesel blended fuels andmultiple injections on D. I. diesel engine emissions. SAE paper 970218, 1997
|
|
Lee C S, Park S W, Kwon S I. An experimental study on the atomizationand combustion characteristics of biodiesel-blended fuels. Energy & Fuels, 2005, 19(5): 2201―2208
doi: 10.1021/ef050026h
|
|
Szybist J P, Mcfarlane J, Bruce G B. Combustion of simulated andexperimental combustion of biodiesel blends in a single cylinder dieselHCCI engine. SAE paper 2007―01―4010, 2007
|
|
Mao G, Wang Z, Yang D, Yuan Y. Numericalsimulation and experimental research on the free spray characteristicsof bio-diesel fuel. SAE paper 2008―01―1598, 2008
|
|
Park S H, Kim H J, Suh H, K, Lee C S. Experimental and numerical analysis of spray-atomization characteristicsof biodiesel fuel in various fuel and ambient temperatures conditions. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2009, 30(5): 960―970
doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.04.003
|
|
Pogorev P, Kegl B, Skerget L. Diesel and biodiesel fuel spray simulations. Energy & Fuels, 2008, 22(2): 1266―1274
doi: 10.1021/ef700544r
|
|
Stringer V L, Cheng W L, Lee C F, Hansen A C. Comparing the operation of an HSDI engine using multiple injectionschemes with soybean biodiesel, diesel and their blends. SAE paper 2009―01―0719, 2009
|
|
Ra Y, Retiz R D, Mcfarlane J, Daw C S. Effects of fuel physical properties on diesel engine combustion usingdiesel and bio-diesel fuels. SAE paper2008―01―1379, 2008
|
|
Golovitchev V I, Yang J. Constructionof combustion models for rapeseed methyl ester bio-diesel fuel forinternal combustion engine applications. Biotechnology Advances, 2009, 27(5): 641―655
doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.024
|
|
Gaïl S, Sarathy S M, Thomson M J, Diévart P, Dagaut P. Experimentaland chemical kinetic modeling study of small methyl esters oxidation:methyl (E)-2-butenoate and methyl butanoate. Combustion and Flame, 2008, 155(4): 635―650
doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.04.007
|
|
Fisher E M, Pitz W J, Curran H J, Westbrook C K. Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for combustion of oxygenatedfuels. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2000, 28: 1579―1586
doi: 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80555-X
|
|
Brakora J L, Ra Y, Retiz R D, Mcfarlane J, Daw C S. Development and validationof a reduced reaction mechanism for biodiesel-fueled engine simulation. SAE paper 2008―01―1378, 2008
|
|
Herbinet O, Pitz W J, Westbrook C K. Detailed chemical kineticoxidation mechanism for a biodiesel surrogate. Combustion and Flame, 2008, 154(3): 507―528
doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.003
|
|
Boulanger J, Neill W S, Liu F, Smallwood G J. An improved phenomenological soot formation submodel for three-dimensionaldiesel engine simulations: extension to agglomeration of particlesinto clusters. Journal of Engineering forGas Turbines and Power, 2008, 130(6): 062808―062814,.
doi: 10.1115/1.2939003
|
|
Boulanger J, Liu F, Neill W S, Smallwood G J. An improved soot formation model for 3D diesel engine simulations. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2007, 129(3): 877―884
doi: 10.1115/1.2718234
|
|
Guo H, Smallwood G J. The interaction between soot and NO formation in a laminar axisymmetriccoflow ethylene/air diffusion flame. Combustionand Flame, 2007, 149(1―2): 225―233
doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.11.006
|
|
Launder B E, Spalding D B. Mathematical Models of Turbulence. London: Academic Press, 1972
|
|
Yakhot V, Smith L M. The renormalizationgroup, the ϵ-expansion and Derivation of turbulence models. Journal of Scientific Computing, 1992, 7(1): 35―61
doi: 10.1007/BF01060210
|
|
Ren Y, Li X G. Numericalstudy on combustion and emissions characteristics of a direct injection(DI) diesel engine. Proceedings of CombustionInstitute–Canadian Section, 2009, 18―23
|
|
Han Z, Reitz R D. Turbulencemodeling of internal combustion engines using RNG k-ϵ models. Combust Sci and Tech, 1995, 106(4―6): 267―295
doi: 10.1080/00102209508907782
|
|
Reitz R D. Modeling atomization processes in high-pressure vaporizingsprays. Atomization and Spray Technology, 1987, 3(4): 309―337,.
|
|
Reitz R D. Atomization and other breakup regimes of a liquid jet.Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. PrincetonUniversity, 1978
doi: 10.1063/1.863650
|
|
Reitz R D, Bracco F V. Mechanism of atomization of a liquid jet. The Physics of Fluids, 1982, 25: 1730―1742
doi: 10.1098/rspa.1950.0052
|
|
Reitz R D, Bracco F V. Mechanism of breakup of round liquid jets. In: Cheremisnoff N ed. The Encyclopediaof Fluid Mechanics, Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing, 1986, 233―249
|
|
Taylor G I. The instability of liquid surfaces when accelerated ina direction perpendicular to their planes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematicaland Physical Sciences, 1950, 201(1065): 192―196
|
|
Senecal P K. Development of a methodology for internal combustionengine design using multi-dimensional modeling with validation throughexperiments. Dissertation for the DoctoralDegree. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000
|
|
Patel A, Kong S C, Reitz R D. Development and validation of a reducedreaction mechanism for HCCI engine simulations. SAE paper 2004―01―0558, 2004
|
|
Heywood J B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc., 1988
|
|
Hiroyasu H, Kadota T. Modelsfor combustion and formation of nitric oxide and soot in DI dieselengines. SAE Paper 760129, 1976
doi: 10.1243/14680874JER05005
|
|
Nagle J, Strickland-Constable R F. Oxidation of carbon between 1000―2000°C. Proc of the Fifth Carbon Conf1, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1962, 154
|
|
Yaws C L. Chemical properties handbook: physical, thermodynamic,environmental, transport, safety, and health related properties fororganic and inorganic chemicals.NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1999
|
|
Cheng A S, Upatnieks A, Mueller C J. Investigation of the impactof biodiesel fuelling on NOx emissions using an optical direct injectiondiesel engine. International Journal ofEngine Research, 2006, 7(4): 297―318
|
|
Senecal P K, Richard K J, Pomraning E. A new parallel cut-cell cartesianCFD code for rapid grid generation applied to in-cylinder diesel enginesimulations. SAE Paper 2007―01―0159, 2007
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|