Please wait a minute...
Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

Postal Subscription Code 80-972

2018 Impact Factor: 1.701

Front Energ    2013, Vol. 7 Issue (1) : 69-74    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0221-y
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Survey and analysis of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin
Junlong LI(), Huan ZHANG, Shijun YOU, Zhenhui XIE
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
 Download: PDF(175 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

An energy audit of 24 office buildings was conducted in Tianjin, including basic information of buildings, building energy system and energy bills. The investigation results showed that the average intensity of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin accounts for 161.51 kW·h/(m2·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into detailed items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (46.6%), followed by equipment (35.9%), cooling system (11%) and lighting system (6.69%). The main factors for office building energy consumption were found and some feasible measures to save energy were proposed.

Keywords office building      energy consumption intensity      energy consumption breakdown      energy saving measures     
Corresponding Author(s): LI Junlong,Email:lijunlong2006315@163.com   
Issue Date: 05 March 2013
 Cite this article:   
Junlong LI,Huan ZHANG,Shijun YOU, et al. Survey and analysis of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin[J]. Front Energ, 2013, 7(1): 69-74.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-012-0221-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2013/V7/I1/69
Energy typeNet calorific powerConversion factorValue
Electricity-α11
Gas/(kcal·m-3)8450α2/(kW·h·m-3)9.83
Coal/(kcal·kg-1)5000α3/(kW·h·kg-1)5.812
Diesel/(kcal·kg-1)10200α4/(kW·h·kg-1)11.86
Crude oil/(kcal·kg-1)10000α5/(kW·h·kg-1)11.628
District heating-α6/(kW·h·MJ-1)0.2778
Tab.1  Conversion factor of each kind of energy [,]
Building numberFloor area/m2Total energy consumption/(kWh·a-1)Energy consumption per unit area/(kWh·m-2·a-1)Cooling systemHeating systemHeat consumption ofmunicipal heating per unit area/(GJ·m-2·a-1)
J147203.008856804187.630a0.27
J229796.485319241178.520a0.24
J324589.814221684171.681a0.22
J422000.002760293125.471b-
J516585.003171257191.210a0.23
J613000.001889680145.362c-
J712762.002988530234.173d-
J811796.002814147238.573d-
J911000.001730106157.281a0.35
J109874.071590778161.111a0.27
J119397.801283117136.531a0.26
J129240.001371339148.411a0.30
J139000.001118226124.251a0.28
J148959.001356607151.421a0.23
J158750.681363511155.820a0.26
J168525.001447655169.813a0.25
J178000.001017413127.181a0.23
J187875.261300796165.170a0.28
J196400.001025875160.290a0.29
J205570.00745084133.771a0.21
J215411.00745388137.751a0.26
J225000.00764849152.971a0.25
J234000.00630757157.691a0.37
J243780.00620670164.201a0.27
Tab.2  Energy consumption information of each building in 2011
Fig.1  Statistical breakdown energy consumption of each building
Energy typeCarbon emissions factor
Electricity/(kgCO2·kW-1·h-1)0.7495
Gas/(kgCO2·m-3)1.994
Diesel/(kgCO2·kg-1)3.164
Standard coal/(kgCO2·kg-1)2.46
Coal/(kgCO2·kg-1)1.980
Tab.3  Carbon emissions factor of different energies []
Fig.2  Annual carbon emissions per unit area of each office building in 2011
1 Tu F X, Wang Q Y. The current situation and development of building energy saving in our country. New Building Materials , 2004, 31(7): 40-42
2 Wang Z G. Building energy conservation and new energy application research. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , 2005
3 State Electricity Regulatory Commission. The Power Regulatory Annual Report 2010. 2011
4 Tsinghua University Architecture Energy-Saving Research Center. China Building Energy Saving Annual Development Research Report 2009. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2009
5 Jiang C X, Xing J C, Qin X N, Ling J H, Yang J. Study on energy efficiency trading baseline of hospital buildings in Tianjin. Building Science , 2012, 28(3): 1-5
6 Lv J, Guo S W, Jiang Y, Guo J M. Analysis on energy consumption status and energy-saving of typical commercial building inTianjin. Building Science , 2008, 24(6): 1-5
7 Zhang F, Li D Y. The energy audit and HVAC analysis of one office building in Beijing. In: Proceedings of the 17th Academic Exchange Meeting of the Architectural Society of China Building Thermal Power Branch, Beijing , 2011, 399-400
8 Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) of the IPCC. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume 2 Energy. Japan: Institute for Global Environment Strategies, 2006
[1] Da Young LEE, Byeong Mo SEO, Yeo Beom YOON, Sung Hyup HONG, Jong Min CHOI, Kwang Ho LEE. Heating energy performance and part load ratio characteristics of boiler staging in an office building[J]. Front. Energy, 2019, 13(2): 339-353.
[2] Cao XIANG, Zhe TIAN. Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin[J]. Front Energ, 2013, 7(4): 518-524.
[3] Siyu ZHOU, Neng ZHU. Multiple regression models for energy consumption of office buildings in different climates in China[J]. Front Energ, 2013, 7(1): 103-110.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed