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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

Postal Subscription Code 80-972

2018 Impact Factor: 1.701

Front Energ    2013, Vol. 7 Issue (3) : 399-405    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-013-0260-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparison and analysis of energy consumption of energy-efficient office buildings in different climate regions in China: case studies
Ke ZHANG(), Neng ZHU
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy consumption (EC) and find out the determining factors of energy-efficient office building cases according to specific case studies in typical cities of different climate zones in China. The investigated building cases were located in four cities (Beijing, Ningbo, Nanjing and Shenzhen) of three architecture thermotechnical design zones (cold zone, hot summer and cold winter zone, hot summer and warm winter zone). The analysis indicates that the energy consumption index (ECI) of these four cases ranges from 41.06 to 74.23 kW·h/(m2·a). Besides, the outdoor climate can change the EC of air conditioning/heating systems, and further determine the monthly volatility of the total EC of the whole building.

Keywords energy-efficient building      breakdown energy consumption (EC)      energy consumption index (ECI)      different climate zone     
Corresponding Author(s): ZHANG Ke,Email:zdzk111@163.com   
Issue Date: 05 September 2013
 Cite this article:   
Ke ZHANG,Neng ZHU. Comparison and analysis of energy consumption of energy-efficient office buildings in different climate regions in China: case studies[J]. Front Energ, 2013, 7(3): 399-405.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-013-0260-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2013/V7/I3/399
Climate zoneCold zoneHot summer and cold winter zoneHot summer and warm winter zone
CityBeijingNingboNanjingShenzhen
Building No.B1N2N3S4
Con year (Retrofit)20051992(1996)20072009
Building typeOffice buildingOffice and lodgingOffice buildingComprehensive green office building
GFA/m221044.654760.0021773.9018170.00
Basement area/m27714.5106751.796000.00
Cooling season5.15-9.155.15-10.154.1-10.314.1-11.15
Heating season11.15-3.1511.1-3.3111.1-3.31
Heating sourceMunicipal hot water 95/70°CSplit AC unitVRV local turbine
Cooling sourceCentrifugal chillersSplit AC unitVRV local turbineWSPH+ cooling tower+ VRV
Air conditioning systemPrimary air fancoil systemSplit AC unitVRV+ DOASFCU+ capillary radient cooling+ VRV+ DOAS
Building structure formGlass block screen wallMasonry structureGlass block screen wallRC shear wall
Insulation situationNoYesYesNo
Tab.1  General characteristic of the four typical energy-efficiency buildings investigated
Building No. (2010)B1N2N3S3
GFA/m221044.654760.0021262.4718170.00
No. of workers3501200430
Electricity/(kW·h·a-1)1173500339638.048729841091613
Gas/(m3· a-1)25536192000
Hot water (95/70°C)/(kg·a-1)4004000000
Total/(kW·h·a-1)1382651.246353329.568729841091613
ECIa)65.7074.2341.0660.08
ECIb)3950.43727.492538.63
Tab.2  Statistics summary of energy use intensities for different building cases
Energy using systemsUsing area/m2EC/(kW·h·a-1)Percentage/%ECI/(kW·h·m-2·a-1)
Heating8529.1952457.164.476.15
Cooling8529.19309048.226.3436.23
Blower176.119775.060.8355.51
Cooking613.0719550.131.6731.89
Lighting and office equipment19154.89737427.562.8438.5
Elevator21044.654887.5330.420.23
Information equipment room92.8940354.353.44434.43
Tab.3  Summary of breakdown EC for Case B1 in 2010
Energy using systemsUsing area/m2EC/(kW·h·a-1)Percentage/%ECI/(kW·h·m-2·a-1)
Heating282986478.5624.57%30.57
Cooling282973888.9221.00%26.12
Domestic hot water131549649.2014.11%37.76
Blower14596864.001.95%4.70
Cooking29636505.303.89%46.26
Lighting430140138.2611.41%9.33
Indoor equipment285030362.738.63%10.65
Other equipment73422813.7814.45%69.26
Tab.4  Summary of breakdown EC for Case N2 (2010.12-2011.11)
Energy using systemsUsing area/m2EC/(kW·h·a-1)Percentage/%ECI/(kW·h·m-2·a-1)
Heating89391833612120.51
Cooling893922992826.3425.72
Blower4028.87269243.086.68
Lighting and office equipments13478.129466933.7521.86
Elevator13478.1688707.895.11
Facilities in equipment room13478.1269103.081.96
Service equipment13478.1161721.851.18
Tab.5  Summary of breakdown EC for Case N3 (2010.12-2011.11)
Energy use systemsUsing area/m2EC/(kW·h·a-1)Percentage/%ECI/(kW·h·m-2·a-1)
Cooling930028847827.65%31.02
Power plant200542121.304.04%21.01
Pump200544928.004.31%22.41
Elevator1599533696.003.23%2.11
Cooking30013968.401.34%46.56
Lighting1599520044.831.92%1.25
Office facilities15995215228.520.63%13.46
Information equipment room50152186.0014.59%3043.72
Laboratory1279164924.0015.81%128.95
Control room32667607.006.48%207.38
Tab.6  Summary of breakdown EC for Case S4 (2009.11-2011.10)
Fig.1  Monthly change of sub-EC with season (B1)
Fig.2  Percentage of AEC for different units in air-conditioning system (B1)
Fig.3  Monthly change of sub-EC with season (N3)
Fig.4  Monthly change of sub-EC with season (S4)
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