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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

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Front. Energy    2014, Vol. 8 Issue (4) : 513-520    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-014-0327-5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin
Jihong LING1, Luhui ZHAO1(), Jincheng XING1, Zhiqiang LU2
1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072, China
2. Shanxi Electric Power Exploration & Design Institute of China Engineering Group, Taiyuan 030000, China
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Abstract

To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m3/a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m2·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m2·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m2·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.
Keywords residential building      survey      statistical analysis      energy conversation      energy intensity      indoor thermal comfort     
Corresponding Author(s): Luhui ZHAO   
Online First Date: 26 June 2014    Issue Date: 09 January 2015
 Cite this article:   
Jihong LING,Luhui ZHAO,Jincheng XING, et al. Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin[J]. Front. Energy, 2014, 8(4): 513-520.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-014-0327-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2014/V8/I4/513
Year of standard Requirement Roof Exterior wall Windows Floor slab
Exposure to outdoor air Over no heating space
1996 Shape coefficient≤0.3 ≤0.8 ≤1.16 ≤4.0 ≤0.5 ≤0.55
Shape coefficient>0.3 ≤0.6 ≤0.82
2004 Total floor≥5F ≤0.5 ≤0.6 ≤2.7 ≤0.5 ≤0.55
Total floor≤4F ≤0.4 ≤0.45 ≤2.5
Tab.1  Residential building envelope heat transfer coefficient Unit: W/(m2·K)
Fig.1  Distribution of valid floor area of samples
Fig.2  Distribution of valid sample inhabitants
Floor area Inhabitants Year of construction Air–conditioning mode
Electricity
consumption		 Pearson correlation 0.327** 0.740** –0.080 –0.121*
significance 0.000 0.000 0.164 0.035
N 305 305 305 305
Cooling electricity
consumption		 Pearson correlation 0.085 0.389** 0.143* 0.116*
significance 0.138 0.000 0.013 0.042
N 305 305 305 305
Natural gas
consumption		 Pearson correlation 0.079 0.178** –0.125* –
significance 0.168 0.002 0.03 –
N 305 305 305 –
Space heating energy
consumption		 Pearson correlation 0.477** – 0.249** –
significance 0.000 – 0.000 –
N 2081 – 2081 –
Tab.2  Results of correlations
Fig.3  Monthly mean electricity consumption
Fig.4  Distribution of electricity consumption per capita
Fig.5  Distribution of air-conditioning electricity consumption
Fig.6  Electricity consumption vs. household size
Fig.7  Space heating energy consumption
Fig.8  Distribution of natural gas consumption
Space heating Cooking Space cooling Other electricity Total
Consumption/(kWh·a−1) 9678 1014 344 2871 13907
Ratio/% 69.6 7.3 2.5 20.6 100
Tab.3  Distribution of household energy consumption
Fig.9  Characteristics of residential building energy consumption
Fig.10  Distribution of the area of space heating samples
Fig.11  Characteristics of space heating energy consumption
Fig.12  Frequency distribution of space heating intensity
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