|
|
A comparative thermodynamic analysis of Kalina and organic Rankine cycles for hot dry rock: a prospect study in the Gonghe Basin |
Xuelin ZHANG1, Tong ZHANG2, Xiaodai XUE3(), Yang SI4, Xuemin ZHANG4, Shengwei MEI4 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Jingjing Energy Storage Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213200, China 3. State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of QiDi (TUS) Renewable Energy, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; Jingjing Energy Storage Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213200, China 4. State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of QiDi (TUS) Renewable Energy, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China |
|
|
Abstract Hot dry rock is a new type of geothermal resource which has a promising application prospect in China. This paper conducted a comparative research on performance evaluation of two eligible bottoming cycles for a hot dry rock power plant in the Gonghe Basin. Based on the given heat production conditions, a Kalina cycle and three organic Rankine cycles were tested respectively with different ammonia-water mixtures of seven ammonia mass fractions and nine eco-friendly working fluids. The results show that the optimal ammonia mass fraction is 82% for the proposed bottoming Kalina cycle in view of maximum net power output. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that wet fluids should be supercritical while dry fluids should be saturated at the inlet of turbine, respectively. The maximum net power output of the organic Rankine cycle with dry fluids expanding from saturated state is higher than that of the other organic Rankine cycle combinations, and is far higher than the maximum net power output in all tested Kalina cycle cases. Under the given heat production conditions of hot dry rock resource in the Gonghe Basin, the saturated organic Rankine cycle with the dry fluid butane as working fluid generates the largest amount of net power.
|
Keywords
hot dry rock
Kalina cycle
organic Rankine cycle
thermodynamic analysis
|
Corresponding Author(s):
Xiaodai XUE
|
Online First Date: 21 October 2020
Issue Date: 21 December 2020
|
|
1 |
J J Mortensen. Hot dry rock: a new geothermal energy source. Energy, 1978, 3(5): 639–644
https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(78)90079-8
|
2 |
S M Lu. A global review of enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 81: 2902–2921
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.097
|
3 |
K Breede, K Dzebisashvili, X Liu, G Falcone. A systematic review of enhanced (or engineered) geothermal systems: past, present and future. Geothermal Energy, 2013, 1(1): 4
https://doi.org/10.1186/2195-9706-1-4
|
4 |
J W Tester, B J Anderson, A S Batchelor, D D Blackwell, R DiPippo, E M Drake, J Garnish, B Livesay, M C Moore, K Nichols, S Petty, M N Toksoz, R W Veatch, R Baria, C Augustine, E Murphy, P Negraru, M. RichardsImpact of enhanced geothermal systems on US energy supply in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1853, 2007(365): 1057–1094
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1964
|
5 |
W Cao, W Huang, G Wei, Y Jin, F Jiang. A numerical study of non-Darcy flow in EGS heat reservoirs during heat extraction. Frontiers in Energy, 2019, 13(3): 439–449
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-019-0612-4
|
6 |
J Guo, W Cao, Y Wang, F Jiang. A novel flow-resistor network model for characterizing enhanced geothermal system heat reservoir. Frontiers in Energy, 2019, 13(1): 99–106
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-018-0555-1
|
7 |
J Larjola. Electricity from industrial waste heat using high-speed organic Rankine cycle (ORC). International Journal of Production Economics, 1995, 41(1–3): 227–235
https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5273(94)00098-0
|
8 |
T C Hung, T Y Shai, S K Wang. A review of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) for the recovery of low-grade waste heat. Energy, 1997, 22(7): 661–667
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(96)00165-X
|
9 |
B Liu, K Chien, C Wang. Effect of working fluids on organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery. Energy, 2004, 29(8): 1207–1217
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.01.004
|
10 |
P J Mago, L M Chamra, K Srinivasan, C Somayaji. An examination of regenerative organic Rankine cycles using dry fluids. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008, 28(8–9): 998–1007
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.06.025
|
11 |
G V Tomarov, A A Shipkov. Modern geothermal power: binary cycle geothermal power plants. Thermal Engineering, 2017, 64(4): 243–250
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601517040097
|
12 |
H Quick, J Michael, H Huber, U Arslan. History of international geothermal power plants and geothermal projects in Germany. In: Proceedings world geothermal congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia, 2010
|
13 |
C E Campos Rodríguez, J C Escobar Palacio, O J Venturini, E E Silva Lora, V M Cobas, D Marques dos Santos, F R Lofrano Dotto, V Gialluca. Exergetic and economic comparison of ORC and Kalina cycle for low temperature enhanced geothermal system in Brazil. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 52(1): 109–119
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.11.012
|
14 |
A I Kalina. Combined cycle and waste heat recovery power systems based on a novel thermodynamic energy cycle utilizing low-temperature heat for power generation. In: 1983 Joint Power Generation Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 1983
https://doi.org/10.1115/83-JPGC-GT-3
|
15 |
E Thorin, C Dejfors, G Svedberg. Thermodynamic properties of ammonia–water mixtures for power cycles. International Journal of Thermophysics, 1998, 19(2): 501–510
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022525813769
|
16 |
L A Prananto, I N Zaini, B I Mahendranata, F B Juangsa, M Aziz, T A F Soelaiman. Use of the Kalina cycle as a bottoming cycle in a geothermal power plant: case study of the Wayang Windu geothermal power plant. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 132: 686–696
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.003
|
17 |
O K Singh, S C Kaushik. Energy and exergy analysis and optimization of Kalina cycle coupled with a coal fired steam power plant. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 51(1–2): 787–800
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.10.006
|
18 |
J He, C Liu, X Xu, Y Li, S Wu, J Xu. Performance research on modified KCS (Kalina cycle system) 11 without throttle valve. Energy, 2014, 64: 389–397
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.059
|
19 |
H A Mlcak. Kalina cycle®®concepts for low temperature geothermal. Transactions–Geothermal Resources Council, 2002, 26(26): 707–713
|
20 |
X Zhang, M He, Y Zhang. A review of research on the Kalina cycle. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16(7): 5309–5318
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.05.040
|
21 |
H Leibowitz, M Mirolli. First Kalina combined-cycle plant tested successfully. Power Engineering, 1997, 10(55): 44
|
22 |
H Mlcak, M Mirolli, H Hjartarsonk, O. HúsavíkurNotes from the north: a report on the debut year of the 2 MW Kalina cycle® geothermal power plant in Húsavík, Iceland. Transactions–Geothermal Resources Council, 2002, 26: 715–718
|
23 |
R A Victor, J K Kim, R Smith. Composition optimisation of working fluids for organic Rankine cycles and Kalina cycles. Energy, 2013, 55: 114–126
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.069
|
24 |
H Chen. The conversion of low-grade heat into power using supercritical Rankine cycles. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Florida: University of South Florida, 2010
|
25 |
B Saleh, G Koglbauer, M Wendland, J Fischer. Working fluids for low-temperature organic Rankine cycles. Energy, 2007, 32(7): 1210–1221
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.001
|
26 |
Y Dai, J Wang, L Gao. Parametric optimization and comparative study of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for low grade waste heat recovery. Energy Conversion and Management, 2009, 50(3): 576–582
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.10.018
|
27 |
Geox GmBH. Geothermal electricity generation in Landau. 2020–02–12, available at website of BINE Information Service–Publications
|
28 |
H Mergner, T Weimer. Performance of ammonia-water based cycles for power generation from low enthalpy heat sources. Energy, 2015, 88: 93–100
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.084
|
29 |
D Lin, Q Zhu, X Li. Thermodynamic comparative analyses between (organic) Rankine cycle and Kalina cycle. Energy Procedia, 2015, 75: 1618–1623
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.385
|
30 |
D Fiaschi, G Manfrida, E Rogai, L Talluri. Exergoeconomic analysis and comparison between ORC and Kalina cycles to exploit low and medium-high temperature heat from two different geothermal sites. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017, 154: 503–516
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.034
|
31 |
E Gholamian, V Zare. A comparative thermodynamic investigation with environmental analysis of waste heat to power conversion employing Kalina and organic Rankine cycles. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 117: 150–161
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.03.011
|
32 |
T Eller, F Heberle, D Brüggemann. Second law analysis of novel working fluid pairs for waste heat recovery by the Kalina cycle. Energy, 2017, 119: 188–198
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.081
|
33 |
P Bombarda, C M Invernizzi, C Pietra. Heat recovery from Diesel engines: a thermodynamic comparison between Kalina and ORC cycles. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, 30(2–3): 212–219
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.08.006
|
34 |
A Elsayed, M Embaye, R AL-Dadah, S Mahmoud, A Rezk. Thermodynamic performance of Kalina cycle system 11 (KCS11): feasibility of using alternative zeotropic mixtures. International Journal of Low Carbon Technologies, 2013, 8(1 suppl 1): i69–i78
https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctt020
|
35 |
C Yue, D Han, W Pu, W He. Comparative analysis of a bottoming transcritical ORC and a Kalina cycle for engine exhaust heat recovery. Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 89: 764–774
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.029
|
36 |
A Nemati, H Nami, F Ranjbar, M. YariA comparative thermodynamic analysis of ORC and Kalina cycles for waste heat recovery: a case study for CGAM cogeneration system. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2017, 9: 1–13
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2016.11.003
|
37 |
M Yari, A S Mehr, V Zare, S M S Mahmoudi, M A Rosen. Exergoeconomic comparison of TLC (trilateral Rankine cycle), ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and Kalina cycle using a low grade heat source. Energy, 2015, 83: 712–722
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.080
|
38 |
U.S. Department of Energy. Environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact: Kalina geothermal demonstration project steamboat springs, Nevada. Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports, 1999
|
39 |
L A Prananto, T M F Soelaiman, M Aziz. Adoption of Kalina cycle as a bottoming cycle in Wayang Windu geothermal power plant. Energy Procedia, 2017, 142: 1147–1152
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.370
|
40 |
X Zhang, S Yang, Z Yang. The Plate Tectonics of Qinghai Province–A Guide to the Geotectonic Map of Qinghai Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2007 (in Chinese)
|
41 |
S Zhang, W Yan, D Li, X Jia, S Zhang, S Li, L Fu, H Wu, Z Zeng, Z Li , J Mu, Z Cheng, L Hu . Characteristics of geothermal geology of the Qiabuqia HDR in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province. Geology in China, 2018, 45(6): 1087–1102 (in Chinese)
|
42 |
D Bruel. Heat extraction modelling from forced fluid flow through stimulated fractured rock masses: application to the Rosemanowes hot dry rock reservoir. Geothermics, 1995, 24(3): 361–374
https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(95)00014-H
|
43 |
N Tenma, S I Iwakiri, I Matsunaga. Development of hot dry rock technology at Hijiori test site: program for a long-term circulation test. Energy Sources, 1998, 20(8): 753–762
https://doi.org/10.1080/00908319808970095
|
44 |
Y Hori, K Kitano, H Kaieda, K. KihoPresent status of the Ogachi HDR project, Japan, and future plans. Geothermics, 1999, 28(4–5): 637–645
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00034-6
|
45 |
D V Duchane. Geothermal energy production from hot dry rock: operational testing at the Fenton Hill, New Mexico HDR test facility. In: Energy-sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 1994
|
46 |
GeothermEx Inc. Data review of the hot dry rock project at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports, 1998
|
47 |
D Duchane, D Brown. Hot dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy research and development at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. GHC Bulletin, 2002, 9: 13–19
|
48 |
D W Brown. Hot dry rock geothermal energy: important lessons from Fenton Hill. In: Proceedings of 34th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, 2009
|
49 |
S Kelkar, G WoldeGabriel, K Rehfeldt. Lessons learned from the pioneering hot dry rock project at Fenton Hill, USA. Geothermics, 2016, 63: 5–14
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.08.008
|
50 |
C Guo, L Pan, K Zhang, C M Oldenburg, C Li, Y Li. Comparison of compressed air energy storage process in aquifers and caverns based on the Huntorf CAES plant. Applied Energy, 2016, 181: 342–356
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.105
|
51 |
T Zhang, L Chen, X Zhang, S Mei, X Xue, Y Zhou. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel hybrid liquid air energy storage system based on the utilization of LNG cold energy. Energy, 2018, 155: 641–650
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.041
|
52 |
A M Bassily. Modeling, numerical optimization, and irreversibility reduction of a triple-pressure reheat combined cycle. Energy, 2007, 32(5): 778–794
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.04.017
|
53 |
T Zhang, X L Zhang, Y L He, X D Xue, S W Mei. Thermodynamic analysis of hybrid liquid air energy storage systems based on cascaded storage and effective utilization of compression heat. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 164: 114526
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114526
|
54 |
A Uusitalo, J Honkatukia, T Turunen-Saaresti. Evaluation of a small-scale waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle. Applied Energy, 2017, 192: 146–158
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.088
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|