Novel strategies to tailor the photocatalytic activity of metal–organic frameworks for hydrogen generation: a mini-review

doi:10.1007/s11708-022-0840-x

Front. Energy

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (5) : 734-746 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-022-0840-x

REVIEW ARTICLE

Novel strategies to tailor the photocatalytic activity of metal–organic frameworks for hydrogen generation: a mini-review

Luis A. ALFONSO-HERRERA¹, Leticia M. TORRES-MARTINEZ², J. Manuel MORA-HERNANDEZ³(

)

¹. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México
². Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México; Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes No. 120. Complejo Ind. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31136, México
³. CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México

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Abstract

This review provides a recompilation of the most important and recent strategies employed to increase the efficiency of metal–organic framework (MOF)-based systems toward the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) reaction through specific strategies: tailoring the photocatalytic activity of bare MOFs and guest@MOF composites, formation of heterojunctions based on MOFs and various photocatalysts, and inorganic photocatalysts derived from MOFs. According to the data reported in this mini-review, the most effective strategy to improve the PHE of MOFs relies on modifying the linkers with new secondary building units (SBUs). Although several reviews have investigated the photocatalytic activity of MOFs from a general point of view, many of these studies relate this activity to the physicochemical and catalytic properties of MOFs. However, they did not consider the interactions between the components of the photocatalytic material. This study highlights the effects of strength of the supramolecular interactions on the photocatalytic performance of bare and MOF-based materials during PHE. A thorough review and comparison of the results established that metal–nanoparticle@MOF composites have weak van der Waals forces between components, whereas heterostructures only interact with MOFs at the surface of bare materials. Regarding material derivatives from MOFs, we found that pyrolysis destroyed some beneficial properties of MOFs for PHE. Thus, we conclude that adding SBUs to organic linkers is the most efficient strategy to perform the PHE because the SBUs added to the MOFs promote synergy between the two materials through strong coordination bonds.

Keywords metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) photocatalytic hydrogen evolution MOF heterojunctions materials derived from MOFs bandgap recombination

Corresponding Author(s): J. Manuel MORA-HERNANDEZ

Online First Date: 25 October 2022 Issue Date: 28 November 2022

Cite this article:

Luis A. ALFONSO-HERRERA,Leticia M. TORRES-MARTINEZ,J. Manuel MORA-HERNANDEZ. Novel strategies to tailor the photocatalytic activity of metal–organic frameworks for hydrogen generation: a mini-review[J]. Front. Energy, 2022, 16(5): 734-746.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-022-0840-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2022/V16/I5/734

Fig.1 Self-assembly of schematic linkers and metal ions to form MOFs.

Strategy to enhance PHE	Strategy	Material	Hydrogen evolution rate/(μmol·(g·h)^–1)	Light source	Ref.
Tailoring the photocatalytic activity of bare MOFs	Crystallinity effect	M-008A	53	UV light254 nm	[25]
	Crystallinity effect	M-008B	103	UV light254 nm	[25]
	Sensitization with Ce⁴⁺ ions	UiO-67-Ce	269.6	Xe lamp(λ > 400 nm)	[26]
	Pt single-atom encapsulation	MBT	50	300 W Xe lamp(λ > 420 nm)	[27]
		Pt-SACs/MBT	68330
		Pt-NCs/MBT	44230
		Pt-NPs/MOF	16410
	Sensitization with Pt⁴⁺ ions	PCN-9(Co)	4.8	UV–visible light irradiation	[28]
	Sensitization with Pt⁴⁺ ions	PCN-9(Co)-Pt	33.5	UV–visible light irradiation	[28]
	Self-sensitization	Pt@Pd-PCN-222(Hf)	22674	Visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm)	[29]
	Sensitization with dyes	BDC-Zn	47.5	Solar irradiation	[30]
		BDC-Zn (MO)	1137.8
		BDC-Zn (MB)	1259.4
	Sensitization with BODIPY linkers	Pt/CCNU-1	4680	Xenon arc lamp(λ > 420 nm)	[31]
	Sensitization with additional SBUs	FeBrF₄@Zr₆-Cu	120000	Visible light(λ = 350–700 nm)	[32]
		mPTCu/Co	11000	Xe lamp 350–700 nm	[27]
		Ti₃-BPDC-Ir	925	Visible light (λ > 400 nm)	[33]
		Ti₃-BPDC-Ru	61	Visible light (λ > 400 nm)	[33]
	Effect of hole position in linkers	NH₂-MIL-125-Ti	1.5	UV light (λ = 240–400 nm)	[34]
	Effect of hole position in linkers	MIL-125-Ti	57.7	UV light (λ = 240–400 nm)	[34]
Formation of heterojunctions based on MOFs and various photocatalysts	Coupled with g-C₃N₄	g-C₃N₄ /UMOFNs	1909	500 W Xe lamp (λ = 250–1800 nm)	[35]
	Coupled with g-C₃N₄	NH₂-MIL-125/g-C₃N₄	5316	300 W Xe (λ > 400 nm)	[36]
	Morphology effect of material	CZS/NMF-4	1713.2	5 W LED	[37]
	Exposed crystallographic plane effect	TiO₂@MOF FS	44	Sum of light illumination (300 W Xelamp)	[38]
	Co-catalyst encapsulated in MOFs pores	ZIF-8/MoS₂	68.4	Solar light simulator	[39]
	Heterostructures associated by covalent bonds	MOF-808@TpPa-1-COF (6/4)	11880	Summed light illumination (300 W Xelamp)	[40]
Inorganic photocatalyst derived from MOFs	Carbonaceous materials synthesized from MOFs	Cd(OH)₂/CdS 40-gCN-NPC	148.13	Solar light(150 W Xelamp)	[41]
	Carbonaceous materials synthesized from MOFs	Ni₂P/Ni@C/g-C₃N₄-550	8040	300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 420 nm)	[42]
	Free noble metal heterostructures	NiS(0.3%)/CdS(30%)/TiO₂	2149.15	300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 420 nm)	[43]
	Inorganic heterostructures from MOF core-shell structures	CdS/MoS₂	5587	300 W Xe lampUV–visible light irradiation	[44]
	Inorganic heterostructures from MOF core-shell structures	Cu₃P@CoP	9399	Simulated solar light5 W LED white-lightmulti-channel	[45]
	Ru single-atom encapsulation into carbonaceous materials	Ru-NPs/SAs@N-TC	5000	300 W Xe lamp (λ = 320–780 nm)	[46]
	Cu adsorption in the MOF derivative surface	Cu/C-ZnO	5363.3	300 W Xe lamp. UV cut-off filter (λ < 420 nm)	[47]

Tab.1 Summary of the characteristics, conditions, and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) rate for metal–organic framework (MOF) materials described in this review

Fig.2 Proposed catalytic cycle for mPTCu/Co-catalyzed for the PHE (adapted with permission from Ref. [49]).

Fig.3 (a) Proposed catalytic cycle for the visible light-driven PHE catalyzed by Ti₃-BPDC-Ir; (b) detailed catalytic mechanism of the reaction on the Ti site via the Ti^IV/Ti^III cycle (adapted with permission from Ref. [33]).

Fig.4 Schematic protection of the most active {100} crystallographic plane and core-shell structure formation.

Fig.5 Formation of Ni₂P/Ni@C/g-C₃N₄ composites.

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