Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis

doi:10.1007/s11708-023-0908-2

Front. Energy

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (2) : 128-140 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-023-0908-2

Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis

Junwen CAO¹, Yikun HU¹, Yun ZHENG², Wenqiang ZHANG¹, Bo YU¹(

)

¹. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China

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Abstract

The Haber-Bosch process is the most widely used synthetic ammonia technology at present. Since its invention, it has provided an important guarantee for global food security. However, the traditional Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process consumes a lot of energy and causes serious environmental pollution. Under the serious pressure of energy and environment, a green, clean, and sustainable ammonia synthesis route is urgently needed. Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a green and mild new method for preparing ammonia, which can directly convert nitrogen or nitrate into ammonia using electricity driven by solar, wind, or water energy, without greenhouse gas and toxic gas emissions. Herein, the basic mechanism of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia and nitrate reduction reaction ( $NO 3 −$ RR) to ammonia were discussed. The representative approaches and major technologies, such as lithium mediated electrolysis and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) electrolysis for NRR, high activity catalyst and advanced electrochemical device fabrication for $NO 3 −$ RR and electrochemical ammonia synthesis were summarized. Based on the above discussion and analysis, the main challenges and development directions for electrochemical ammonia synthesis were further proposed.

Keywords electrochemical ammonia synthesis nitrogen nitrate nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia nitrate reduction reaction (NO^–3 RR)

Corresponding Author(s): Bo YU

Online First Date: 16 November 2023 Issue Date: 07 May 2024

Cite this article:

Junwen CAO,Yikun HU,Yun ZHENG, et al. Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis[J]. Front. Energy, 2024, 18(2): 128-140.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-023-0908-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2024/V18/I2/128

Fig.1 Mechanism of ammonia electrosynthesis.

Fig.2 Illustration of

NO 3 −

RR process.

Fig.3 Mechanism, methods and devices of Li-NRR.

Fig.4 Two SOEC models of electrochemical NRR.

Fig.5 Design and fabrication of advanced electrochemical device.

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