As the greatest event in the historical development of Chinese literature in the 20th century, May Fourth literary revolution expedites the transition of the Chinese literature from tradition to modernity by advocating the reforms in literary concepts, genres and language. The so-called Tongcheng School which lasts more than two hundred years in the Qing dynasty turns out to be a sacrifice in the old and new conflicts of the literary revolution at the turn of the 20th century. The paper attempts to explore further the conflicts and difficulties during the process of this transition by analyzing the late Tongcheng School and its conflicts with the May Fourth new literature in the hope of deepening the understanding of the literary innovation.