Disparities in 36 cancers across 185 countries: secondary analysis of global cancer statistics

doi:10.1007/s11684-024-1058-6

Front. Med.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (5) : 911-920 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-024-1058-6

Disparities in 36 cancers across 185 countries: secondary analysis of global cancer statistics

Qianru Li, Changfa Xia, He Li, Xinxin Yan, Fan Yang, Mengdi Cao, Shaoli Zhang, Yi Teng, Siyi He, Maomao Cao, Wanqing Chen(

)

Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China

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Abstract

Cancer is a major public health problem and represents substantial disparities worldwide. This study reported estimates for 36 cancers across 185 countries by incidence, mortality, 5-year prevalence, mortality-to-prevalence ratio (MPR), and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) to examine its association with human development index (HDI) and gross national income (GNI). Data were collected from the GLOBOCAN 2020. MPR and MIR were calculated by sex, age group, country, and cancer type and then summarized into totals. Segi’s population and global cancer spectrum were used to calculate age- and type-standardized ratios. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess associations. Results showed that breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer globally. Low- and middle-income countries had high MPR and MIR. Cancers of esophagus, pancreas, and liver had the highest ratios. Males and the older population had the highest ratios. HDI and GNI were positively correlated with incidence and mortality but negatively correlated with MPR/MIR. Substantial disparities in cancer burden were observed among 36 cancer types across 185 countries. Socioeconomic development may contribute to narrowing these disparities, and tailored strategies are crucial for regional- and country-specific cancer control.

Keywords cancer burden mortality-to-prevalence ratio mortality-to-incidence ratio disparities global

Corresponding Author(s): Wanqing Chen

Just Accepted Date: 19 June 2024 Online First Date: 22 August 2024 Issue Date: 29 October 2024

Cite this article:

Qianru Li,Changfa Xia,He Li, et al. Disparities in 36 cancers across 185 countries: secondary analysis of global cancer statistics[J]. Front. Med., 2024, 18(5): 911-920.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-024-1058-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2024/V18/I5/911

	Incidence (No.)	Mortality (No.)	Prevalence (No.)	Mortality-to-prevalence ratio			Mortality-to-incidence ratio
	Incidence (No.)	Mortality (No.)	Prevalence (No.)	Crude	Age-standardized	Age- and type-standardized	Crude	Age-standardized	Age- and type-standardized
Worldwide	19 292 789	9 958 133	50 550 287	0.20	0.15	0.26	0.52	0.39	0.41
Sex
Male	10 065 305	5 528 810	24 828 480	0.22	0.17	0.34	0.55	0.44	0.51
Female	9 227 484	4 429 323	25 721 807	0.17	0.13	0.24	0.48	0.35	0.43
Human development index (HDI)^a
Very high	8 390 110	3 183 923	27 181 209	0.12	0.05	0.12	0.38	0.18	0.26
High	7 026 620	4 317 256	15 411 087	0.28	0.15	0.28	0.61	0.39	0.43
Medium	2 959 754	1 864 270	6 249 879	0.30	0.21	0.31	0.63	0.50	0.46
Low	698 436	469 500	1 219 219	0.39	0.32	0.36	0.67	0.59	0.53
Region and country^b
Asia	9 391 695	5 750 836	20 301 710	0.28	0.18	0.28	0.61	0.43	0.43
China	4 568 754	3 002 899	9 294 006	0.32	0.16	0.25	0.66	0.40	0.42
India	1 324 413	851 678	2 720 251	0.31	0.23	0.32	0.64	0.53	0.49
Indonesia	396 914	234 511	946 088	0.25	0.17	0.22	0.59	0.43	0.37
Japan	1 028 658	420 124	2 710 728	0.15	0.05	0.07	0.41	0.16	0.21
The Republic of Korea	230 317	88 597	630 991	0.14	0.05	0.08	0.38	0.15	0.23
Mongolia	5714	4469	9012	0.50	0.27	0.18	0.78	0.58	0.34
Thailand	190 636	124 866	426 366	0.29	0.16	0.21	0.65	0.40	0.41
Turkey	233 834	126 335	581 636	0.22	0.11	0.21	0.54	0.31	0.43
Europe	4 399 659	1 955 889	13 510 129	0.14	0.06	0.15	0.44	0.21	0.29
France	467 965	185 621	1 501 881	0.12	0.05	0.11	0.40	0.17	0.29
Germany	628 519	252 065	2 188 176	0.12	0.04	0.11	0.40	0.15	0.26
Italy	415 269	174 759	1 230 693	0.14	0.05	0.12	0.42	0.16	0.29
Russian Federation	591 371	312 122	1 580 383	0.20	0.10	0.22	0.53	0.29	0.37
United Kingdom	457 960	179 648	1 514 320	0.12	0.04	0.10	0.39	0.15	0.25
Africa	1 105 336	709 404	2 158 533	0.33	0.27	0.34	0.64	0.55	0.52
Egypt	134 632	89 042	278 165	0.32	0.20	0.28	0.66	0.46	0.45
Ethiopia	77 352	51 865	130 858	0.40	0.34	0.31	0.67	0.58	0.46
Nigeria	124 815	78 899	233 911	0.34	0.27	0.30	0.63	0.54	0.46
Somalia	10 134	7439	13 212	0.56	0.48	0.39	0.73	0.64	0.53
South Africa	108 168	56 802	262 455	0.22	0.16	0.26	0.53	0.42	0.45
Latin America and the Caribbean	1 449 034	704 039	3 781 938	0.19	0.13	0.27	0.49	0.35	0.46
Argentina	130 878	70 074	358 627	0.20	0.11	0.26	0.54	0.33	0.43
Brazil	592 212	259 949	1 563 761	0.17	0.11	0.24	0.44	0.32	0.44
Colombia	113 221	54 987	293 524	0.19	0.13	0.30	0.49	0.36	0.44
Mexico	195 499	90 222	530 602	0.17	0.11	0.30	0.46	0.33	0.45
Peru	69 849	34 976	175 090	0.20	0.15	0.30	0.50	0.41	0.45
Northern America	2 569 519	704 931	9 497 874	0.07	0.04	0.12	0.27	0.15	0.25
Canada	274 364	86 684	1 023 261	0.08	0.04	0.13	0.32	0.15	0.32
The United States of America	2 281 658	612 390	8 432 938	0.07	0.04	0.12	0.27	0.15	0.25
Oceania	250 812	67 520	979 868	0.07	0.05	0.12	0.27	0.17	0.27
Australia	200 021	48 236	808 997	0.06	0.03	0.11	0.24	0.10	0.26
New Zealand	35 934	10 508	142 413	0.07	0.04	0.11	0.29	0.15	0.28

Tab.1 Global cancer burden by sex, human development index, and region and country, 2020

Cancer type	Incidence (No.)	Mortality (No.)	Prevalence (No.)	Mortality-to-prevalence ratio		Mortality-to-incidence ratio
Cancer type	Incidence (No.)	Mortality (No.)	Prevalence (No.)	Crude	Age-standardized	Crude	Age-standardized
All cancers	19 292 789	9 958 133	50 550 287	0.20	0.15	0.52	0.39
All cancers excl. nonmelanoma skin cancer	18 094 716	9 894 402	44 091 402	0.22	0.15	0.55	0.39
Oesophagus	604 100	544 076	666 388	0.82	0.72	0.90	0.70
Pancreas	495 773	466 003	379 958	1.23	0.56	0.94	0.62
Gallbladder	115 949	84 695	137 466	0.62	0.55	0.73	0.61
Mesothelioma	30 870	26 278	37 047	0.71	0.50	0.85	0.46
Stomach	1 089 103	768 793	1 805 968	0.43	0.47	0.71	0.60
Liver	905 677	830 180	994 539	0.83	0.44	0.92	0.73
Lung	2 206 771	1 796 144	2 604 791	0.69	0.36	0.81	0.62
Hypopharynx	84 254	38 599	132 717	0.29	0.33	0.46	0.44
Brain, central nervous system	308 102	251 329	837 152	0.30	0.23	0.82	0.64
Multiple myeloma	176 404	117 077	450 579	0.26	0.23	0.66	0.52
Kaposi sarcoma	34 270	15 086	82 033	0.18	0.21	0.44	0.48
Prostate	1 414 259	375 304	4 956 901	0.08	0.21	0.27	0.30
Larynx	184 615	99 840	518 380	0.19	0.20	0.54	0.45
Leukemia	474 519	311 594	1 340 506	0.23	0.20	0.66	0.56
Bladder	573 278	212 536	1 720 625	0.12	0.19	0.37	0.27
Lip, oral cavity	377 713	177 757	959 248	0.19	0.19	0.47	0.45
Nasopharynx	133 354	80 008	382 507	0.21	0.19	0.60	0.44
Cervix uteri	604 127	341 831	1 495 211	0.23	0.19	0.57	0.40
Colorectum	1 931 590	935 173	5 253 335	0.18	0.17	0.48	0.37
Oropharynx	98 412	48 143	258 543	0.19	0.17	0.49	0.32
Vagina	17 908	7995	44 613	0.18	0.17	0.45	0.35
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	544 352	259 793	1 544 488	0.17	0.16	0.48	0.40
Ovary	313 959	207 252	823 315	0.25	0.15	0.66	0.37
Breast	2 261 419	684 996	7 790 717	0.09	0.14	0.30	0.30
Hodgkin lymphoma	83 087	23 376	281 112	0.08	0.13	0.28	0.25
Salivary glands	53 583	22 778	160 292	0.14	0.13	0.43	0.28
Kidney	431 288	179 368	1 207 547	0.15	0.12	0.42	0.34
Vulva	45 240	17 427	135 892	0.13	0.12	0.39	0.30
Nonmelanoma skin cancer	1 198 073	63 731	6 458 885	0.01	0.09	0.05	0.18
Penis	36 068	13 211	102 157	0.13	0.08	0.37	0.22
Corpus uteri	417 367	97 370	1 415 213	0.07	0.06	0.23	0.16
Testis	74 458	9334	296 686	0.03	0.05	0.13	0.16
Melanoma of skin	324 635	57 043	1 092 818	0.05	0.04	0.18	0.13
Thyroid	586 202	43 646	1 984 927	0.02	0.03	0.07	0.08

Tab.2 Global cancer burden by cancer type, 2020

Fig.1 Age-specific cancer mortality-to-prevalence ratio and mortality-to-incidence ratio, worldwide, 2020.

Fig.2 Associations of HDI and GNI with cancer mortality-to-prevalence ratio and mortality-to-incidence ratio.

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