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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering

ISSN 2095-0233

ISSN 2095-0241(Online)

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Front. Mech. Eng.    2011, Vol. 6 Issue (2) : 160-175    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-011-0216-0
REVIEW ARTICLE
Biomedical sensor technologies on the platform of mobile phones
Lin LIU1, Jing LIU1,2,*()
1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Abstract

Biomedical sensors have been widely used in various areas of biomedical practices, which play an important role in disease detection, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, health management, and so on. However, most of them and their related platforms are generally not easily accessible or just too expensive or complicated to be kept at home. As an alternative, new technologies enabled from the mobile phones are gradually changing such situations. As can be freely available to almost everyone, mobile phone offers a unique way to improve the conventional medical care through combining with various biomedical sensors. Moreover, the established systems will be both convenient and low cost. In this paper, we present an overview on the state-of-art biomedical sensors, giving a brief introduction of the fundamental principles and showing several new examples or concepts in the area. The focus was particularly put on interpreting the technical strategies to innovate the biomedical sensor technologies based on the platform of mobile phones. Some challenging issues, including feasibility, usability, security, and effectiveness, were discussed. With the help of electrical and mechanical technologies, it is expected that a full combination between the biomedical sensors and mobile phones will bring a bright future for the coming pervasive medical care.
Keywords biomedical sensor      pervasive technology      mobile phone      combined system      health management     
Corresponding Author(s): Jing LIU   
About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.
Issue Date: 05 June 2011
 Cite this article:   
Lin LIU,Jing LIU. Biomedical sensor technologies on the platform of mobile phones[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2011, 6(2): 160-175.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-011-0216-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2011/V6/I2/160
Fig.1  Sensor platform based on the “Lick and Stick” hardware shown in Ref. [9]
Fig.2  A new biomedical sensor for measuring PCO2 [10]: The left is the planar sensor, and the right is the cylindrical sensor
Fig.3  A well-aligned liquid-crystal optical biosensor [19]
Fig.4  Framework of Wireless Sensor Network
Fig.5  Mobile phones for measuring blood glucose. (a) GlucoPhone LG5200 (CDMA) [75]; (b) LG KP8400 [76]; (c) iPhone connected with Jazz blood glucose monitor [77]
Fig.6  Platform of mobile-phone-based ECG (left) [79] and mobile phone for heart sounds detection (right) [81]
Fig.7  Mobile phone imaging (ultrasound, impedance, microscope). (a) Ultrasound imaging using mobile phone [84]; (b) impedance imaging on the mobile phone [85]; (c) mobile phone integrated with microscope and the observed result [86]
Fig.8  Multisensors mounted on a phone [89]
Fig.9  Architecture of mobile-phone-based sensing networks
FunctionsAssemblyPerformance
Cellphone detectionBlood glucoseBuilt-in or electrically connected glucose sensor and test paperProviding the blood glucose data on the phone rapidly and conveniently
ECGEmbedded or integrated ECG sensors and electrodesAcquisition, transmission, analysis, and storage of ECG data, giving information on heart rate and abnormity
Heart soundEmbedded microphones in iPhoneDisplaying the heart sound spectrogram, realizing the role of stethoscope
Motion or obstacleEmbedded with acceleration and vibration transducersOutputting velocity and direction of people or object
Cellphone imagingUltrasoundElectrically connected ultrasound probe with USB interfaceEnabling a compact, mobile computational platform for imaging the kidney, liver, bladder, and eyes
Electrical impedanceConnected with data acquired device with 32 electrodes via USB cableFeasible for imaging diagnosis like breast cancer, available for people and places that do not have adequate medical imaging now
MicroscopeEquipped with necessary lens with filters and LED removed or installedCapable of bright-field imaging of malaria and sickle cell anemia and fluorescence imaging of tuberculosis and automated image analysis
Multi-functional phone sensorsFunction integrationMounted with various biomedical sensors, certain development platform, like PSI board, is neededConvenient for acquiring information of several physiologic parameters from one system
Cellphone-centric sensor networksWireless sensor networksNecessary communication protocols and modules, like Bluetooth, WiFi, and WAPWireless monitoring as well as data transmission, processing, and analysis
Tab.1  A summary of mobile-phone-based biomedical sensors
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