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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering

ISSN 2095-0233

ISSN 2095-0241(Online)

CN 11-5984/TH

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Front. Mech. Eng.    2015, Vol. 10 Issue (3) : 287-293    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-015-0346-x
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Experimental evaluation and simulation of volumetric shrinkage and warpage on polymeric composite short natural fibers reinforced injection molded
Jonnathan D. SANTOS1,Jorge I. FAJARDO1,*(),Alvaro R. CUJI1,Jaime A. GARCÍA2,Luis E. GARZÓN1,Luis M. LÓPEZ1
1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Elia Liut, Ecuador
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Columbia
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Abstract

A polymeric natural fiber-reinforced composite is developed by extrusion and injection molding process. The shrinkage and warpage of high-density polyethylene reinforced with short natural fibers of Guadua angustifolia Kunth are analyzed by experimental measurements and computer simulations. Autodesk Moldflow® and Solid Works® are employed to simulate both volumetric shrinkage and warpage of injected parts at different configurations: 0 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.% reinforcing on shrinkage and warpage behavior of polymer composite. Become evident the restrictive effect of reinforcing on the volumetric shrinkage and warpage of injected parts. The results indicate that volumetric shrinkage of natural composite is reduced up to 58% with fiber increasing, whereas the warpage shows a reduction form 79% to 86% with major fiber content. These results suggest that it is a highly beneficial use of natural fibers to improve the assembly properties of polymeric natural fiber-reinforced composites.
Keywords biocomposite      natural fiber      shrinkage      simulation      warpage     
Corresponding Author(s): Jorge I. FAJARDO   
Online First Date: 01 September 2015    Issue Date: 23 September 2015
 Cite this article:   
Jonnathan D. SANTOS,Jorge I. FAJARDO,Alvaro R. CUJI, et al. Experimental evaluation and simulation of volumetric shrinkage and warpage on polymeric composite short natural fibers reinforced injection molded[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2015, 10(3): 287-293.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-015-0346-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2015/V10/I3/287
Property Value
Melt index flow 20 g/(10 min)
Density 0.954 g/cm3
Melting temperature 130 °C
Softening point 127 °C
Heat deflection temperature 76.1 °C
Tab.1  Physical and processing conditions of HDPE-8920
Property Value
Aspect ratio 25
Young modulus 990 MPa
Poisson’s ratio 0.35
Density 1.22 g/cm3
Tab.2  GAK fiber properties
Keyword Description
HDPE High density polyethylene
HDPE-0-GAK HDPE reinforced with 0 wt.% GAK fiber
HDPE-20-GAK HDPE reinforced with 20 wt.% GAK fiber
HDPE-30-GAK HDPE reinforced with 30 wt.% GAK fiber
HDPE-40-GAK HDPE reinforced with 40 wt.% GAK fiber
E Root mean sum square error
Tab.3  Nomenclature employed in the experimental and computational methods
Fig.1  Configuration of injection mold
Fig.2  Flowchart of operational process
Method Material Fill time/s Injection pressure/MPa Hold pressure/MPa Ejection time/s Average temperature/°C Cooling time/s Cycle time/s Mold temperature/°C Melting temperature/°C
Solid Works Plastics® HDPE 1.65 30.42 13.13 27.70 -- 12.15 27.94 40 165
20-GAK 1.64 30.28 13.04 27.70 -- 13.14 29.34 40 165
30-GAK 1.65 31.11 13.21 27.33 -- 12.75 29.08 40 165
40-GAK 1.63 30.27 -- 28.77 -- 13.62 30.40 40 165
Moldflow Adviser® HDPE 1.14 21.64 -- 39.15 167.6 7.08 40.29 40 165
Experimentalparameter HDPE, HDPE-GAK 1.62 28.90 -- 30 -- 12 33 -- 165
Tab.4  Parameters of injection molding on experimental and computational methods
Method Volumetric shrinkage/% Error
Experimental 9.68±0.4 ---
Moldflow® 10.78 1.09
Solid Works® 9.23 0.53
Tab.5  Maximum volumetric shrinkage on experimental and simulations results
Fig.3  Volumetric shrinkage by zones (A 10 mm, B 40 mm and C 70 mm)
Method Zone A Zone B Zone C
Volumetric shrinkage/% E Volumetric shrinkage/% E Volumetric shrinkage/% E
Experimental 8.40±0.4 – 8.55±0.4 – 9.62±0.4 –
Moldflow® 9.31 0.94 9.34 0.85 10.71 0.37
Solid Works® 7.12 1.31 9.09 0.64 9.23 0.43
Tab.6  Volumetric shrinkage Zones A, B and C (HDPE-0-GAK)
Fig.4  Volumetric shrinkage of HDPE-0-GAK
Fig.5  Volumetric shrinkage of composite
Fig.6  Simulation of warpage on composite at HDPE-0-GAK. (a) Moldflow® software (isometric view), scale factor 6; (b) Solid Works® (orthogonal view) scale factor 44
Method HDPE-0-GAK HDPE-20-GAK HDPE-30-GAK HDPE-40-GAK
Maximum warpage/mm E Maximum warpage/mm E Maximum warpage/mm E Maximum warpage/mm E
Experimental 0.085±0.01 -- 0.018±0.01 -- 0.010±0.01 -- 0.120±0.01 --
Moldflow® 0.060 0.025 -- -- -- -- -- --
Solid Works® 0.017 0.068 0.023 0.010 0.020 0.027 0.018 0.100
Tab.7  Maximum warpage
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