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Heritage attributes of post-war housing in Amsterdam
Lisanne Havinga, Bernard Colenbrander, Henk Schellen
Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020, 9 (1): 1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.04.002
Modern heritage, particularly post-war social housing estates, is struggling with negative perceptions. Accordingly, this research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the heritage significance of post-war housing estates in general and the Western Garden Cities e a post-war neighborhood in Amsterdam e in particular. A review of the limited body of literature on the heritage significance of modern and post-war housing estates was performed. A significance assessment was conducted on a sample of representative case studies by using expert interviews for data collection. The experts assigned significance levels to attributes based on whether or not they need to be preserved during a sustainable refurbishment. The highest-valued attributes are parcellation, balconies, and semi-public green spaces. The most negative value was assigned to the application of external insulation, replacement of the window frames by PVC-U, and closed character of the façades on the ground floor level. The lack of heritage recognition at the lower scale level may either be due to the important details already being lost or details not yet consistently being recognized as the architecture and buildings are understudied in comparison with the urban qualities of post-war heritage.
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Evaluating the impact of mass housings’ in-between spaces’ spatial configuration on users’ social interaction
Wiem Zerouati, Tahar Bellal
Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020, 9 (1): 34-53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.05.005
This research examines the impact of in-between space configuration on users’ social practices. The effects of different degrees of permeability of these spaces on the social interactions of the inhabitants are also analyzed. This research is based on a comparative approach using space syntax analysis and snapshot observations on four mass housing neighborhoods in Setif, Algeria. The neighborhoods are selected according to their degree of permeability, location in the city, realization period, and syntax measures from integrated to segregated. The activity patterns of two-week days for each study case are observed and recorded. Correlation results of observed social activities and syntactic measures demonstrate that spatial configuration affects people’s use of in-between spaces. Moreover, connectivity and clustering coefficients are revealed to be important indicators of social activities. Previous urban studies argued that integrated spaces are mostly used by people. However, social interaction in the studied cases increases in the least connected areas, adjoining spaces to the buildings, and most closed spaces. This research finds that social activities are dependent on the degree of permeability, which when low, gives rise to increased social interaction and activities.
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Comparative analysis of habitation behavioral patterns in spatial configuration of traditional houses in Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces of China
Jie Ding, Shanshan Ma
Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020, 9 (1): 54-66.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.06.002
This study investigated the categories of spatial characteristics of traditional houses in Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces of China by applying syntactic theories and conducting a comparative analysis of their different layout configurations. Six houses in the three provinces were selected as measurement samples, and statistical analysis of their spatial variables was conducted through SPSS 22. Results showed that the correlation of depth and integration in the Zhejiang and Jiangsu samples are negative, whereas the samples in Anhui show no correlation. These results further indicated that spaces with high rates of utilization in Zhejiang and Jiangsu dwellings are located at low depths in the spatial configurations, whereas the samples from Anhui show opposite findings. Different housing spatial structures reflect various habitation behavioral patterns in this area. Zhejiang and Jiangsu residents interact more closely with outside spaces in their daily lives, whereas Anhui residents have very limited interaction with outside spaces, thereby reflecting two different modes of living behavior, namely, extroversion and introversion.
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Parametric modeling simulation for an origami shaped canopy
Caio D.C. Lucarelli, Joyce C. Carlo
Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020, 9 (1): 67-81.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.08.001
This study perceives the developing process of a parameterization modeling in Grasshopper® for complex surfaces using building simulation, considering Annual Average of Hourly Radiation as the key-variable. The major goal of this article is to create, simulate and analyze through factorial analysis a modular canopy, based on Origami. The methodology applied consisted of the selection of the form, canopy parameterization, factorial analysis and simulation for radiation. Ladybug®, together with EnergyPlus™, were used to carry out the simulations. The object of study was the process of creation of a canopy. In countries with hot and humid climates, such as Brazil, the roofing areas are critical parts of building envelopes, highly susceptible to solar radiation. The simulation was performed for a full year for Vi¸cosa, MG (Latitude 20°45′14″S, Longitude 42°52′55″W, Altitude 648 m), but due to parameterization, the canopy can be simulated anywhere else. As main results, the factorial analysis contributed for determining that the slope of the canopy was the most robust factor to the detriment of the cardinal and collateral orientations. For the best case scenario, the simulation generated levels of comfort of about 74.0% with 15.4% Hot and 10.6% Cold for natural conditioned spaces.
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Users as co-designers: Visualespatial experiences at Whitworth Art Gallery
Ahlam Ammar Sharif
Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020, 9 (1): 106-118.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.04.003
The importance of building users in the architectural field has been increasingly acknowledged in architectural research. Some studies have applied actor-network theory (ANT) to highlight the ways through which users are embedded in relation to the built environment. However, many of these studies are limited in recognizing the diverse ways users manipulate these relations as they experience the same built environment differently. This study draws on a recent ANT scholarship by summarizing the ethnographic research of Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester, United Kingdom. Findings show that users see and react to the same built environment in different ways that are not limited to their alignment or misalignment with the design. They extend to include diverse interpretations and reactions (destructing, ignoring, noticing, attending, and interacting). The different user experiences explored in this research demonstrate three main themes, namely, entanglements, continuity, and transformation, which suggest new ways of recognizing the need for increasingly adaptable and inviting designs that address different user preferences and desires.
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Emotional evaluation of architectural interior forms based on personality differences using virtual reality
Maryam Banaei, Ali Ahmadi, Klaus Gramann, Javad Hatami
Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020, 9 (1): 138-147.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.07.005
Recent studies have shown that architectural interior forms could impact the affective state of inhabitants. However, the direct relation of specific forms with specific affective states is difficult to determine. In addition, no systematic categorization of architectural forms and their relation to emotional states exists. The investigation of the impact of architectural features on inhabitants’ emotions is further complicated by the use of two-dimensional images of forms in laboratory investigations, which cannot perceive real-world architecture. Furthermore, the interior form consists of a combination of different forms rather than only pure forms, which was considered in previous studies. This study aimedto fill these gaps by evaluating interior forms on the basis of clustering different images of built living rooms throughout history as well as their impact on emotions. This study used pleasure, arousal, anddominance ratingswith an emphasis on individual differences in personality. Virtual sample rooms were created based on formal clusters of architectural forms. Results showed a relationship between forms and emotional states for different personality traits. This work provided a novel approach on the influence of architecture on emotion by considering systematic form categorization and combinations, personality differences, and a virtual reality setup.
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Urban agriculture in Kathmandu as a catalyst for the civic inclusion of migrants and the making of a greener city
Maurice Mitchell, Amara Roca Iglesias
Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020, 9 (1): 169-190.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.07.007
This research explores the opportunities offered for the creation of a green city on the recently secured Bagmati riverbanks in Kathmandu, which is subject to rapid inward migration from landless rural farmers. The research asks what architectural theory and practice can contribute to this setting to support the fit between emergent bottom-up initiatives and topdown city investments. To this end, it deepens and extends loose fit theory, research methods, and reflective practices to investigate latent possibilities, assemble a narrative of embedded change, and create spatial imaginaries of topographical change on the Bagmati riverbanks. Moreover, it argues that architectural theory and practice can play a vital role in integrating migrants into civic institutions and helping generate a highly green city by making the relationships between setting and occupant explicit, stimulating and representing alternative imaginaries, and framing a civic discourse.
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