|
|
Full-color OLEDs based on conjugated materials |
Bo QU , Zhijian CHEN , Lixin XIAO , Fangwen LUO , Qihuang GONG , |
State Key Laboratory
for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University,
Beijing 100871, China; |
|
|
Abstract Since 1987, the possibility of realizing a new generation display based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has inspired much interest in both academic and industrial groups. This review elucidates recent process in materials for OLEDs, approaches to improve electroluminescent properties of devices, and recent works based on conjugated materials in our laboratory.
|
Issue Date: 05 March 2009
|
|
|
Pope M, Kallmann H, Magnante P. Electroluminescence in organiccrystals. Journal of Chemical Physics, 1963, 38(8): 2042―2043
doi: 10.1063/1.1733929
|
|
Tang C W, VanSlyke S A. Organic electroluminescent diodes. AppliedPhysics Letters, 1987, 51(12): 913―915
doi: 10.1063/1.98799
|
|
Burroughes J H, Bradley D D C, Brown A R, Marks R N, Mackay K, Friend R H, Burns P L, Holmes A B. Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers. Nature, 1990, 347(6293): 539―541
doi: 10.1038/347539a0
|
|
Sheats J R, Antoniadis H, Hueschen M, Leonard W, Miller J, Moon R, Roitman D, Stocking A. Organicelectroluminescent devices. Science, 1996, 273(5277): 884―888
doi: 10.1126/science.273.5277.884
|
|
Giebeler C, Antoniadis H, Bradley D D C, Shirota Y. Influence of the hole transport layer on the performanceof organic light-emitting diodes. Journalof Applied Physics, 1999, 85(1): 608―615
doi: 10.1063/1.369413
|
|
Friend R H, Gymer R W, Holmes A B, Burroughes J H, Marks R N, Taliani C, Bradley D D C, Dos Santos D A, Brédas J L, Lögdlund M, Salaneck W R. Electroluminescence in conjugatedpolymers. Nature, 1999, 397(6715): 121―128
doi: 10.1038/16393
|
|
Ziemelis K. Display technology-Glowing developments.?Nature, 1999, 399(6735): 408―411
doi: 10.1038/20798
|
|
Huang C H, Liu F Y, Huang Y Y. Ultrathin Films for Optics and Electronics. Beijng: PekingUniversity Press, 2001, 243―244 (in Chinese)
|
|
Zhang Y F, Cheng G, Zhao Y, Hou J Y, Liu S Y, Tang S, Ma Y G. Organic pure-blue-light-emitting devices based on terfluorenes compounds. Applied Physics Letters, 2005, 87(24): 241112
doi: 10.1063/1.2141720
|
|
Schmitz C, Schmidt H W, Thelakkat M. Lithium-quinolate complexesas emitter and interface materials in organic light-emitting diodes. Chemistry of Materials, 2000, 12(10): 3012―3019
doi: 10.1021/cm0010248
|
|
Tao S, Lee C S, Lee S T, Zhang X. Efficient blue and white organic light-emitting devicesbased on a single bipolar emitter. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2007, 91(1): 013507
doi: 10.1063/1.2742289
|
|
Lin M F, Wang L, Wong W K, Cheah K W, Tam H L, Lee M T, Chen C H. Highly efficient and stable sky blue organic light-emitting devices. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(12): 121913
doi: 10.1063/1.2356903
|
|
Tao Y T, Balasubramaniam E, Danei A, Tomasik P. Dipyrazolopyridine derivatives as bright blue electroluminescentmaterials. Applied Physics Letters, 2000, 77(7): 933―935
doi: 10.1063/1.1288811
|
|
Tseng R J, Chiechi R C, Wudl F, Yang Y. Highly efficient 7,8,10-triphenylfluoranthene-doped blueorganic light-emitting diodes for display application. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 88(9): 093512
doi: 10.1063/1.2167814
|
|
Ho M H, Wu Y S, Wen S W, Chen T M, Chen C H. Efficientdeep blue emitters for organic electroluminescent devices. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 91(8): 083515
doi: 10.1063/1.2773962
|
|
Tao Y T, Balasubramaniam E, Danel A, Jarosz B, Tomasik P. Sharpgreen electroluminescence from 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline-basedlight-emitting diodes. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2000, 77(11): 1575―1577
doi: 10.1063/1.1309016
|
|
Oh J J, Kim K W, Kim M S, Kwon T W, Park D K, Cho S J, Woo H S. Highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes based on donor-acceptorsmall molecules. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(7): 073504
doi: 10.1063/1.2243864
|
|
Qu B, Chen Z J, Xu F, Cao H Y, Huang M M, Gong Q H. Green light-emitting organic material with narrow FWHM and high electroluminescence. Materials Letters, 2006, 60(15): 1927―1930
doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.12.056
|
|
Tong Q X, Lai S L, Chan M Y, Lai K H, Tang J X, Kwong H L, Lee C S, Lee S T. Efficient green organic light-emittingdevices with a nondoped dual-functional electroluminescent material. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 91(15): 153504
doi: 10.1063/1.2795339
|
|
Qu B, Chen Z J, Xu F, Cao H Y, Lan Z H, Wang Z Y, Gong Q H. Color stable white organiclight-emitting diode based on a novel triazine derivative. Organic Electronics, 2007, 8(5): 529―534
doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2007.03.009
|
|
Tang C W, VanSlyke S A, Chen C H. Electroluminescence of dopedorganic thin films. Journal of AppliedPhysics, 1989, 65(9): 3610―3616
doi: 10.1063/1.343409
|
|
Richter B, Kirstein S. Excitationenergy transfer between molecular thin layers of poly(phenylene vinylene)and dye labeled poly(allylamine) in layer-by-layer self-assembledfilms.?Journal of Chemical Physics, 1999, 111(11): 5191―5200
doi: 10.1063/1.479773
|
|
Chen C H, Shi J, Tang C W. Recent developments in molecular organic electroluminescentmaterials.?Macromolecular Symposia, 1997, 125: 1―48
|
|
Xu X J, Yu G, Di C A, Liu Y Q, Shao K F, Yang L M, Lu P. Efficientnondoped white organic light-emitting diodes based on electromers. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(12): 123503
doi: 10.1063/1.2357008
|
|
Ho M H, Hsu S F, Ma J W, Hwang S W, Yeh P C, Chen C H. White p-i-n organic light-emitting devices with high power efficiency and stablecolor. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 91(11): 113518
doi: 10.1063/1.2784971
|
|
Lin M F, Wang L, Wong W K, Cheah K W, Tam H L, Lee M T, Ho M H, Chen C H. Highly efficient and stablewhite light organic light-emitting devices. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 91(7): 073517
doi: 10.1063/1.2769762
|
|
Guo F W, Ma D G. White organic light-emitting diodes based on tandem structures. Applied Physics Letters, 2005, 87(17): 173510
doi: 10.1063/1.2120898
|
|
Okumoto K, Kanno H, Hamada Y, Takahashi H, Shibata K. Highefficiency red organic light-emitting devices using tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene-dopedrubrene as an emitting layer. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2006, 89(1): 013502
doi: 10.1063/1.2218833
|
|
Yu G, Liu Y Q, Wu X, Zheng M, Bai F L, Zhu D B, Jin L P, Wang M Z, Wu X N. Light-emittingdiodes based on an alternating copolymer containing triphenylamineand phenylene units. Applied Physics Letters, 1999, 74(16): 2295―2297
doi: 10.1063/1.123829
|
|
Braun D, Heeger A J. Visible light emission from semiconducting polymer diodes. Applied Physics Letters, 1991, 58(18): 1982―1984
doi: 10.1063/1.105039
|
|
Ohmori Y, Ucnida M, Muro K, Yoshino K. Blue electroluminescent diodes utilizing poly(alkylfluorene). Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 1991, 30(11B): L1941―L1943
doi: 10.1143/JJAP.30.L1941
|
|
Tu G L, Zhou Q G, Cheng Y X, Wang L X, Ma D G, Jing X B, Wang F S. White electroluminescence from polyfluorene chemically doped with1,8-napthalimide moieties. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2004, 85(12): 2172―2174
doi: 10.1063/1.1793356
|
|
Gadisa A, Perzon E, Andersson M R, Inganäs O. Red and nearinfrared polarized light emissions from polyfluorene copolymer basedlight emitting diodes. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2007, 90(11): 113510
doi: 10.1063/1.2713139
|
|
Liu J, Min C C, Zhou Q G, Cheng Y X, Wang L X, Ma D G, Jing X B, Wang F S. Blue light-emitting polymerwith polyfluorene as the host and highly fluorescent 4-dimethylamino-1,8-naphthalimideas the dopant in the sidechain. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2006, 88(8): 083505
doi: 10.1063/1.2178408
|
|
Yu W L, Cao Y, Pei J, Huang W, Heeger A J. Blue polymer light-emitting diodes from poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-co-2,5-didecyloxy-para-phenylene). Applied Physics Letters, 1999, 75(21): 3270―3272
doi: 10.1063/1.125321
|
|
Yao B, Xie Z Y, Yang J W, Cheng Y X, Wang L X. Enhancementof stability of polymer light-emitting diodes by post annealing. Chinese Physics Letters, 2007, 24(5): 1383―1385
doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/24/5/071
|
|
Lee J, Cho N S, Lee J, Lee S K, Shim H K. Emissioncolor tuning of new fluorene-based alternating copolymers containinglow band gap dyes. Synthetic Metals, 2005, 155(1): 73―79
doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.06.005
|
|
Aonuma M, Oyamada T, Sasabe H, Miki T, Adachi C. Materialdesign of hole transport materials capable of thick-film formationin organic light emitting diodes. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2007, 90(18): 183503
doi: 10.1063/1.2733627
|
|
Qiu C F, Chen H Y, Weng M, Kwok H S. Dependence of the current and power efficiencies of organiclight-emitting diode on the thickness of the constituent organic layers.? IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2001, 48(9): 2131―2137
doi: 10.1109/16.944206
|
|
Zhang S T, Wang Z J, Zhao J M, Zhan Y Q, Wu Y, Zhou Y C, Ding X M, Hou X Y. Electron blocking and holeinjection: the role of N,N’-bis(naphthalen-1-y)-N,N’-bis(phenyl)benzidinein organic light-emitting devices. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2004, 84(15): 2916―2918
doi: 10.1063/1.1699472
|
|
Gong X, Moses D, Heeger A J, Liu S, Jen A K Y. High-performancepolymer light-emitting diodes fabricated with a polymer hole injectionlayer. Applied Physics Letters, 2003, 83(1): 183―185
doi: 10.1063/1.1589185
|
|
Zhao H P, Tao X T, Wang F Z, Ren Y, Sun X Q, Yang J X, Yan Y X, Zou D C, Zhao X, Jiang M H. Structureand electronic properties of triphenylamine-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives as hole-transportingmaterials for organic light-emitting diodes.?Chemical Physics Letters, 2007, 439 (1―3): 132―137
doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.074
|
|
Hsieh M T, Chang C C, Chen J F, Chen C H. Study of hole concentration of 1,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N’-phenylamino]-4,4’ diamine doped with tungsten oxideby admittance spectroscopy. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2006, 89(10): 103510
doi: 10.1063/1.2345610
|
|
Leem D S, Park H D, Kang J W, Lee J H, Kim J W, Kim J J. Low driving voltage and high stabilityorganic light-emitting diodes with rhenium oxide-doped hole transportinglayer. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 91(1): 011113
doi: 10.1063/1.2754635
|
|
Lee J Y, Kwon J H. Enhanced hole transport in C60-doped hole transport layer. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 88(18): 183502
doi: 10.1063/1.2172296
|
|
Guo T F, Yang F S, Tsai Z J, Wen T C, Hsieh S N, Fu Y S. High-performance polymer light-emittingdiodes utilizing modified Al cathode. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2005, 87(1): 013504
doi: 10.1063/1.1984101
|
|
Huang J S, Hou W J, Li J H, Li G, Yang Y. Improving thepower efficiency of white light-emitting diode by doping electrontransport material. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(13): 133509
doi: 10.1063/1.2357938
|
|
Li F S, Chen Z J, Wei W, Cao H Y, Gong Q H, Teng F, Qian L, Wang Y M. Blue-light-emitting organicelectroluminescence via exciplex emission based on a fluorene derivative. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2004, 37(12): 1613―1616
doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/37/12/004
|
|
Fong H H, Choy W C H, Hui K N, Liang Y J. Organic light-emitting diodes based on a cohost electrontransporting composite. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2006, 88(11): 113510
doi: 10.1063/1.2178409
|
|
Burrows P E, Padmaperuma A B, Sapochak L S, Djurovich P, Thompson M E. Ultraviolet electroluminescence and blue-green phosphorescence usingan organic diphosphine oxide charge transporting layer. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 88(18): 183503
doi: 10.1063/1.2193429
|
|
Tokito S, Iijima T, Suzuri Y, Kita H, Tsuzuki T, Sato F. Confinement of triplet energyon phosphorescent molecules for highly-efficient organic blue-light-emittingdevices.?Applied Physics Letters, 2003, 83(3): 569―571
doi: 10.1063/1.1594834
|
|
Baldo M A, O’Brien D F, You Y, Shoustikov A, Sibley S, Thompson M E, Forrest S R. Highly efficient phosphorescent emission from organicelectroluminescent devices. Nature, 1998, 395(6698): 151―154
doi: 10.1038/25954
|
|
Baldo M A, Thompson M E, Forrest S R. High-efficiency fluorescentorganic light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent sensitizer.?Nature, 2000, 403(6771): 750―753
doi: 10.1038/35001541
|
|
O’Brien D F, Baldo M A, Thompson M E, Forrest S R. Improved energy transferin electrophosphorescent devices. AppliedPhysics Letters, 1999, 74(3): 442―444
doi: 10.1063/1.123055
|
|
Cocchi M, Kalinowski J, Virgili D, Fattori V, develay S, Williams J A G. Single-dopant organic whiteelectrophosphorescent diodes with very high efficiency and its reducedcurrent density roll-off. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2007, 90(16): 163508
doi: 10.1063/1.2722675
|
|
Che G B, Su Z S, Li W L, Chu B, Li M T, Hu Z Z, Zhang Z Q. Highly efficient and color-tuning electrophosphorescent devices basedon CuI complex. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(10): 103511
doi: 10.1063/1.2345826
|
|
Zang F X, Li W L, Hong Z R, Wei H Z, Li M T, Sun X Y, Lee C S. Observation of 1.5?μm photoluminescence and electroluminescencefrom a holmium organic complex. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2004, 84(25): 5115―5117
doi: 10.1063/1.1764593
|
|
You H, Dai Y F, Zhang Z Q, Ma D G. Improved performances of organic light-emitting diodeswith metal oxide as anode buffer. Journalof Applied Physics, 2007, 101(2): 026105
doi: 10.1063/1.2430511
|
|
Kim S H, Jang J, Lee J Y. Relationship between indiumtin oxide surface treatment and hole injection in C60 modified devices. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(25): 253501
doi: 10.1063/1.2410224
|
|
Aziz H, Luo Y, Xu G, Popovic Z D. Improving the stability of organic light-emitting devicesby using a thin Mg anode buffer layer. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(10): 103515
doi: 10.1063/1.2345242
|
|
Hung L S, Tang C W, Mason M G. Enhanced electron injectionin organic electroluminescence devices using an Al/LiF electrode. Applied Physics Letters, 1997, 70(2): 152―154
doi: 10.1063/1.118344
|
|
Choi H W, Kim S Y, Kim W K, Lee J L. Enhancement of electron injection in inverted top-emittingorganic light-emitting diodes using an insulating magnesium oxidebuffer layer. Applied Physics Letters, 2005, 87(8): 082102
doi: 10.1063/1.2033129
|
|
Liu T H. Lithium manganese oxide as an effectivebuffer layer between organic and metal layers in organic light-emittingdevices. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89(10): 102101
doi: 10.1063/1.2339028
|
|
Li F, Tang H, Anderegg J, Shinar J. Fabricationand electroluminescence of double-layered organic light-emitting diodeswith the Al2O3/Al cathode. Applied Phyics Letters, 1997, 70(10): 1233―1235
doi: 10.1063/1.118539
|
|
Feng J, Okamoto T, Kawata S. Enhancement of electroluminescencethrough a two-dimensional corrugated metal film by grating-inducedsurface-plasmon cross coupling. OpticsLetters, 2005, 30(17): 2302―2304
doi: 10.1364/OL.30.002302
|
|
Sun Y, Forrest S R. Organic light emitting deviceswith enhanced outcoupling via microlenses fabricated by imprint lithography. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 100(7): 073106
|
|
Donat-Bouillud A, Levesque I, Tao Y, D’Iorio M, Beaupre S, Blondin P, Ranger M, Bouchard J, Leclerc M. Light-emittingdiodes from fluorene-based π-conjugated polymers. Chemistry of Materials, 2000, 12(7): 1931―1936
doi: 10.1021/cm0001298
|
|
Kreyenschmidt M, Klaerner G, Fuhrer T, Ashenhurst J, Karg S, Chen W D, Lee V Y, Scott J C, Miller R D. Thermally stable blue-light-emittingcopolymers of poly(alkylfluorene). Macromolecules, 1998, 31(4): 1099―1103
doi: 10.1021/ma970914e
|
|
Gong X, Ostrowski J C, Bazan G C, Moses D, Heeger A J, Liu M S, Jen A K Y. Electrophosphorescence from a conjugated copolymer dopedwith an iridium complex: high brightness and improved operationalstability. Advanced Materials, 2003, 15(1): 45―49
doi: 10.1002/adma.200390007
|
|
McGehee M D, Bergstedt T, Zhang C, Saab A P, O’Regan M B, Bazan G C, Srdanov V I, Heeger A J. Narrow bandwidth luminescence from blends with energytransfer from semiconducting conjugated polymers to europium complexes. Advanced Materials, 1999, 11(16): 1349―1354
doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199911)11:16<1349::AID-ADMA1349>3.0.CO;2-W
|
|
Tasch S, List E J W, Ekström O, Grayober W, Leising G, Schlichting P, Rohr U, Geerts Y, Scherf U, Müllen K. Efficient white light-emitting diodes realized with newprocessable blends of conjugated polymers. Applied Physics Letters, 1997, 71(20): 2883―2885
doi: 10.1063/1.120205
|
|
Bliznyuk V N, Carter S A, Scott J C, Klarner G, Miller R D, Miller D C. Electrical and photoinduceddegradation of polyfluorene based films and light-emitting devices. Macromolecules, 1999, 32(2): 361―369
doi: 10.1021/ma9808979
|
|
Corcoran N, Arias A C, Kim J S, Mackenzie J D, Friend R H. Increased efficiency in vertically segregated thin-film conjugatedpolymer blends for light-emitting diodes. Applied Physics Letters, 2003, 82(2): 299―301
doi: 10.1063/1.1537049
|
|
Chen X, Liao J L, Liang Y, ahmed M O, Tseng H E, Chen S A. High-efficiency red-light emission frompolyfluorenes grafted with cyclometalated iridium complexes and chargetransport moiety. Journal of the AmericanChemical Society, 2003, 125(3): 636―637
doi: 10.1021/ja0211151
|
|
Huang F, Wu H, Wang D, Yang W, Cao Y. Novel electroluminescentconjugated polyelectrolytes based on polyfluorene. Chemistry of Materials, 2004, 16(4): 708―716
doi: 10.1021/cm034650o
|
|
Grell M, Knoll W, Lupo D, Meisel A, Miteva T, Neher D, Nothofer H G, Scherf U, Yasuda A. Bluepolarized electroluminescence from a liquid crystalline polyfluorene. Advanced Materials, 1999, 11(8): 671―675
doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199906)11:8<671::AID-ADMA671>3.0.CO;2-E
|
|
Liu S, Jiang X, Ma H, Liu M S, Jen A K Y. Triarylamine-containingpoly(perfluorocyclobutane) as hole-transporting material for polymerlight-emitting diodes. Macromolecules, 2000, 33(10): 3514―3517
doi: 10.1021/ma0002038
|
|
Shu C F, Dodda R, Wu F I, Liu M S, Jen A K Y. Highlyefficient blue-light-emitting diodes from polyfluorene containingbipolar pendant groups. Macromolecules, 2003, 36(18): 6698―6703
doi: 10.1021/ma030123e
|
|
Laskar I R, Hsu S F, Chen T M. Highly efficient orange-emitting OLEDs based on phosphorescentplatinum(II) complexes. Polyhedron, 2005, 24(8): 881―888
|
|
Jang H, Shin C H, Jung B J, Kim D H, Shim H K, Do Y. Synthesis and characterization of dinuclear europiumcomplexes showing pure red electroluminescence. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2006, (4): 718―725
doi: 10.1002/ejic.200500438
|
|
List E J W, Holzer L, Tasch S, Leising G, Scherf U, Mullen K, Catellani M, Luzzati S. Efficientsingle-layer yellow-light emitting-diodes with ladder-type poly(p-phenylene)/poly(decyl-thiophene)blends. Solid State Communications, 1999, 109(7): 455―459
doi: 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00586-9
|
|
Liao L, Pang Y, Ding L M, Karasz F E. Yellow-light-emitting cyano-substituted poly[(1,3-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene vinylene)]derivative: Its synthesis and optical properties. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2003, 41(20): 3149―3158
doi: 10.1002/pola.10900
|
|
List E J W, Holzer L, Tasch S, Leising G, Catellani M, Luzzati S. Efficient single layer yellowlight emitting diodes made of a blend of a ladder-type poly(p-phenylene)and polyalkylthiophene. Optical Materials, 1999, 12(2―3): 311―314
doi: 10.1016/S0925-3467(99)00041-5
|
|
Kang I N, Shim H K, Zyung T. Yellow-light-emitting fluorine-substitutedPPV derivative. Chemistry of Materials, 1997, 9(3): 746―749
doi: 10.1021/cm960455g
|
|
Becker H, Spreitzer H, Kreuder W, Kluge E, Schenk H, Parker I, Cao Y. Soluble PPVs with enhancedperformance ― a mechanistic approach. Advanced Materials, 2000, 12(1): 42―48
doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(200001)12:1<42::AID-ADMA42>3.0.CO;2-F
|
|
Tu G L, Mei C Y, Zhou Q G, Cheng Y X, Geng Y H, Wang L X, Ma D G, Jing X B, Wang F S. Highly efficient pure-white-light-emitting diodes froma single polymer: polyfluorene with naphthalimide moieties. Advanced Functional Materials, 2006, 16(1): 101―106
doi: 10.1002/adfm.200500028
|
|
Wei H Z, Li W L, Li M T, Su W M, Xin Q, Niu J H, Zhang Z Q, Hu Z Z. White organic electroluminescentdevice with photovoltaic performances. Applied Surface Science, 2006, 252(6): 2204―2208
doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.03.227
|
|
Li M T, Li W L, Chen L L, Kong Z G, Chu B, Li B, Hu Z Z, Zhang Z Q. Tuning emission color of electroluminescencefrom two organic interfacial exciplexes by modulating the thicknessof middle gadolinium complex layer. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2006, 88(9): 091108
doi: 10.1063/1.2181194
|
|
Hwang D H, Park M J, Lee C. White LEDs using conjugatedpolymer blends. Synthetic Metals, 2005, 152(1―3): 205―208
doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.215
|
|
Shen F Z, He F, Lu D, Xie Z Q, Xie W J, Ma Y G, Hu B. Brightand colour stable white polymer light-emitting diodes. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2006, 21(2): L16―L19
doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/21/2/L03
|
|
Krummacher B C, Choong V E, Mathai M K, Choulis S A, So F, Jermann F, Fiedler T, Zachau M. Highly efficient white organic light-emitting diode. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 88(11): 113506
doi: 10.1063/1.2186080
|
|
Li F S, Chen Z J, Qu B, Wei W, Gong Q H. Electroluminescenceproperty of a novel dendritic polyfluorene derivative containing atriphenylamine group. Journal of PhysicsD: Applied Physics, 2005, 38(6): 847―851
doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/38/6/010
|
|
Li F S, Chen Z J, Wei W, Gong Q H. Blue polymer light-emitting diodes with organic/inorganichybrid composite as hole transporting layer. Organic Electronics, 2005, 6(5―6): 237―241
doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2005.08.002
|
|
Qu B, Chen Z J, Liu Y L, Cao H Y, Xu S G, Cao S K, Lan Z H, Wang Z Y, Gong Q H. Orange and red emitting OLEDs based on phenothiazine polymers. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2006, 39(13): 2680―2683
doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/39/13/007
|
|
Liu Y L, Cao H Y, Li J H, Chen Z J, Cao S K, Xiao L X, Xu S G, Gong Q H. Synthesis and electroluminescentproperties of a phenothiazine-based polymer for nondoped polymer light-emittingdiodes with a stable orange-red emission. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2007, 45(21): 4867―4878
doi: 10.1002/pola.22237
|
|
Cao H Y, Chen Z J, Liu Y L, Qu B, Xu S G, Cao S K, Lan Z H, Wang Z Y, Gong Q H. Undoped yellow-emitting organic light-emitting diodesfrom a phenothiazine-based derivative. Synthetic Metals, 2007, 157(10―12): 427―431
doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.04.014
|
|
Cong Y, Chen Z J, Li F S, Gong Q H. White organic light-emitting diodes based on improvedpolyfluorene derivative. Optical Materials, 2006, 28(8―9): 1084―1087
doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2005.05.017
|
|
Wang Z Y, Chen Z J, Lan Z H, Zhai X F, Du W M, Gong Q H. Enhancement of Alq3 fluorescence by nanotextured silver films deposited on porous aluminasubstrates. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90(15): 151119
doi: 10.1063/1.2722231
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|