|
|
Gain and ultrafast optical switching in PMMA
optical fibers and films doped with luminescent conjugated polymers
and oligomers |
Ana CHARAS1,Jenny CLARK2,Juan CABANILLAS-GONZALEZ2,Guglielmo LANZANI2,Luca BAZZANA3,Alessandro NOCIVELLI3,Jorge MORGADO4, |
1.Instituto de Telecomunica??es,
Lisbon P-1049-001, Portugal; 2.Department of Physics,
Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy; 3.Luceat S.p.A., Dello
(BS) 25020, Italy; 4.Instituto de Telecomunica??es,
Lisbon P-1049-001, Portugal;Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon
P-1049-001, Portugal; |
|
|
Abstract Conjugated luminescent polymers and oligomers, exhibiting stimulated emission (SE), are dispersed in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), films and optical fibers, either by blending or upon copolymerisation. With this PMMA doping, we aim to achieve gain and ultrafast optical switching. The modification of the dopant’s chemical structure allows the tuning of the SE spectral region. Furthermore, we aim to achieve dopant chain isolation while maximising their concentration. In this paper, we present an overview of the research done in this area in the context of the European Union (EU)-funded research project “plastic optical fibers with embedded active polymers for data communications — POLYCOM”.
|
Issue Date: 05 March 2010
|
|
|
Burroughes J H, Bradley D D C, Brown A R, Marks R N, Mackay K, Friend R H, Burns P L, Holmes A B. Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers. Nature, 1990, 347(6293): 539–541
doi: 10.1038/347539a0
|
|
Mayer A C, Scully S R, Hardin B E, Rowell M W, McGehee M C. Polymer-based solar cells. Materials Today, 2007, 10(11): 28–33
doi: 10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70276-6
|
|
Chua L L, Zaumseil J, Chang J F, Ou E C W, Ho P K H, Sirringhaus H, Friend R H. General observation of n-typefield-effect behaviour in organic semiconductors. Nature, 2005, 434(7030): 194–199
doi: 10.1038/nature03376
|
|
Tessler N, Denton G J, Friend R H. Lasing from conjugated-polymer microcavities. Nature, 1996, 382(6593): 695–697
doi: 10.1038/382695a0
|
|
Pisignano D, Anni M, Gigli G, Cingolani R, Zavelani-Rossi M, Lanzani G, Barbarella G, Favaretto L. Amplified spontaneous emissionand efficient tunable laser emission from a substituted thiophene-basedoligomer. Applied Physics Letters, 2002, 81(19): 3534–3536
doi: 10.1063/1.1519735
|
|
Forrest S R. The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic applianceson plastic. Nature, 2004, 428(6986): 911–918
doi: 10.1038/nature02498
|
|
Virgili T, Marinotto D, Lanzani G, Bradley D D C. Ultrafast resonant optical switching in isolated polyfluorenes chains. Applied Physics Letters, 2005, 86(9): 091113
doi: 10.1063/1.1879085
|
|
Virgili T, Marinoto D, Manzoni C, Cerullo G, Lanzani G. Ultrafast intrachain photoexcitationof polymeric semiconductors. Physical ReviewLetters, 2005, 94(11): 117402
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.117402
|
|
Clark J, Bazzana L, Bradley D D C, Gonzalez J C, Lanzani G, Lidzey D G, Morgado J M, Nocivelli A, Tsoi W C, Virgili T, Xia R D. Blue polymer optical fiberamplifiers based on conjugated fluorene oligomers. Journal of Nanophotonics, 2008, 2(1): 023504
doi: 10.1117/1.2902341
|
|
Zubia J, Arrue J. Plastic optical fibers: anintroduction to their technological processes and applications. Optical Fiber Technology, 2001, 7(2): 101–140
doi: 10.1006/ofte.2000.0355
|
|
Zeimann O, Krauser J, Zamzow P E, Daum W. POF: PolymerOptical Fibers for Data Communication. New York: Springer-Verlag BerlinHeidelberg, 2002
|
|
Koike Y, Ishigure T. High-bandwidth plastic opticalfiber for fiber to the display. Journalof Lightwave Technology, 2006, 24(12): 4541–4553
doi: 10.1109/JLT.2006.885775
|
|
Kuriki K, Koike Y, Okamoto Y. Plastic optical fiber lasers and amplifiers containinglanthanide complexes. Chemical Reviews, 2002, 102(6): 2347–2356
doi: 10.1021/cr010309g
|
|
Grell M, Bradley D D C, Long X, Chamberlain T, Inbasekaran M, Woo E P, Soliman M. Chaingeometry, solution aggregation and enhanced dichroism in the liquidcrystallineconjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene). Acta Polymerica, 1998, 49(8): 439–444
doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4044(199808)49:8<439::AID-APOL439>3.0.CO;2-A
|
|
Dias F B, Morgado J, Maçanita A L, Da Costa F P, Burrows H D, Monkman A P. Kinetics and thermodynamics of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) β-phase formation in dilute solution. Macromolecules, 2006, 39(17): 5854–5864
doi: 10.1021/ma0602932
|
|
Morgado J, Mendonça AL, Charas A, Clark J, Lanzani G, Bazzana L, Nocivelli A. Polyfluorene-PMMAcopolymers for plastic optical fibers with gain. Proceedings of SPIE, 2008, 6999: 69990M
doi: 10.1117/12.781574
|
|
Bliznyuk V N, Carter S A, Scott J C, Klärner G, Miller R D, Miller D C. Electrical and photoinduced degradation of polyfluorenebased films and light-emitting devices. Macromolecules, 1999, 32(2): 361–369
doi: 10.1021/ma9808979
|
|
Charas A, Alcácer L, Pimentel A, Conde J P, Morgado J. Observation of field-effect in a cross-linkedpolyfluorene semiconductor. Chemical PhysicsLetters, 2008, 455(4―6): 189–191
doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.02.087
|
|
Charas A, Morgado J, Martinho J M G, Alcácer L, Cacialli F. Tuning the optoelectronicproperties of polyfluorenes by copolymerisation with thiophene moieties. Synthetic Metals, 2002, 127(1―3): 251–254
doi: 10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00637-3
|
|
Amarasinghe D, Rusekas A, Vasdekis A E, Turnbull G A, Samuel I D W. High-gain broadband solid-stateoptical amplifier using a semiconducting copolymer. Advanced Materials, 2009, 21(1): 107–110
doi: 10.1002/adma.200801930
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|