Development and prospect of near-field optical measurements and characterizations

doi:10.1007/s12200-012-0257-y

Front Optoelec

2012, Vol. 5

Issue (2) : 171-181 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-012-0257-y

REVIEW ARTICLE

Development and prospect of near-field optical measurements and characterizations

Jia WANG(

), Qingyan WANG, Mingqian ZHANG

State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is an ideal experimental measuring system in nano-optical measurements and characterizations. Besides microscopy with resolution beyond the diffraction limit, spectroscope with nanometer resolution and other instruments with novel performances have been indispensable for researches in nano-optics and nanophotonics. This paper reviews the developing history of near-field optical (NFO) measuring method and foresees its prospects in future. The development of NFO measurements has gone through four stages, including optical imaging with super resolution, near-field spectroscopy, measurements of nano-optical parameters, and detections of near-field interactions. For every stage, research objectives, technological properties and application fields are discussed.

Keywords scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) near-field optical (NFO) measurement super-resolution imaging near-field spectroscopy nano-optics nanophotonics

Corresponding Author(s): WANG Jia,Email:wj-dpi@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Issue Date: 05 June 2012

Cite this article:

Jia WANG,Qingyan WANG,Mingqian ZHANG. Development and prospect of near-field optical measurements and characterizations[J]. Front Optoelec, 2012, 5(2): 171-181.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-012-0257-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2012/V5/I2/171

Fig.1 (a) Typical SNOM system; (b) directional beaming device []; (c) and (d) are simulation and experimental results of the emitting light from the device, respectively []

Fig.2 TERS result of a bundle of SWCNTs [].
(a) Topography of the bundle of SWCNTs []; (b) comparison of far-field and TERS signals from the spot marked by a green cross in (a) []

Fig.3 Measurements of phase and amplitude.
(a) Characterizations of an optical waveguide []. The topography, amplitude maps, phase maps and real field composed by amplitude and phase are obtained; (b) Characterizations of nano-rod, nano-particle, nano-triangle [] and bowtie []

Fig.4 TE-mode optical field emerging from a grating [].
(a) Experimental system []; (b) topography of the grating by SEM []; (c) and (d) are normalized amplitude mapping and the contour plot of the phase []

Fig.5 Vector-field mapping of SPP standing wave [].
(a) Experimental setup []; (b) and (c) are theoretical and experimental results of vector plots centered around a total electric-field intensity minimum, respectively []

Fig.6 Measurement of magnetic field with a split-ring probe [].
(a) Schematic of phase-sensitive near-field microscope and inserts are scanning electron micrographs of two aluminum-coated near-field probes. The top one is a highly cylindrical standard probe, and the bottom one is a split probe, in which an air gap in the metal coating (arrow) has been created []; (b) normalized distributions of electric-and magnetic-field obtained experimentally []

Fig.7 Characterizations of an elliptical cluster of gold particles imaged with a stationary gold tip [].
(a) Two-photon excited PL image [];(b) topography [] of the cluster

Fig.8 Characterizations of a double-fishnet negative index metamaterial structure []. (a) Top-view electron micrograph of the structure, and the inset shows a 3D sketch of a metamaterial unit cell []; (b) scheme of experimental setup and metamaterial sample and the inset shows an electron micrograph of a coated probe used in this investigation []; (c) and (d) are measured near-field images of amplitude and phase. Superimposed white rectangles indicate metamaterial’s structure []

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