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Front Optoelec    2013, Vol. 6 Issue (2) : 134-145    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-013-0319-9
REVIEW ARTICLE
Recent advances of optical imaging in animal stroke model
Zhen WANG1,2()
1. Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Abstract

Stroke is a major health concern and an intensive research subject due that it is the major cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. The past three decades of clinical disappointments in treating stroke must compel us to rethink our strategy. New effective protocol for stroke could greatly benefit from the advances in optical imaging technologies. This review focuses on the latest advance of applications of three optical imaging techniques in animal model of stroke, such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and two-photon microscopy (TPM). The potential roles of those techniques in the future of stroke management are also discussed.
Keywords optical imaging      photoacoustic (PA) imaging      laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI)      two-photon microscopy (TPM)      animal model      stroke     
Corresponding Author(s): WANG Zhen,Email:zhenwang@mail.hust.edu.cn   
Issue Date: 05 June 2013
 Cite this article:   
Zhen WANG. Recent advances of optical imaging in animal stroke model[J]. Front Optoelec, 2013, 6(2): 134-145.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-013-0319-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2013/V6/I2/134
Fig.1  Comparison of spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and penetration depth among optical imaging techniques. Plot of the spatial and temporal resolutions of different optical techniques, with color-coded penetration depth is presented. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS); optical intrinsic signal imaging (OISI); laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This figure was reprinted from Ref. []
Fig.2  Longitudinal monitoring of ischemic stroke induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in the left parietal cortex. (a) Before tMCAO; (b) during tMCAO; (c) after tMCAO; (d) day 3; (e) day 7; (f) day 25. This figure was reprinted from Ref. []
Fig.3  Spatiotemporal evolution of the distribution of CBF in ischemic cortex by LSCI. After MCAO, the region with low blood perfusion (blue-highlight area) increased with time. And there were dynamic changes in the blood flow of collateral channels (CC). Some of them were persisted (CC1 and CC4); others disappeared with different duration (CC2 and CC3) (A, anterior; L, lateral). This figure was reprinted from Ref. []
Fig.4  Manipulation of blood flow in single-cortical vessels using auxiliary lasers. (a) Rose Bengal-mediated photothrombosis of a single penetrating arteriole on the pial surface. Occlusion was achieved after 1 min of irradiation with a green laser focused in the lumen of the target vessel (filled green circle in left panel). The thrombus formed by irradiation sits stably within the lumen surrounded by stagnant serum (open green circle in right panel); (b) photothrombosis of a single mouse penetrating arteriole through a PoRTS window. The CX(3)CR1 mouse line expresses GFP in microglia and monocytes. This figure was reprinted from Ref. []
Fig.5  Imaging of neuronal structure following targeted stroke. (a) Images from a Thy1-YFP mouse showing Texas red-dextranlabeled vasculature (red) and neuronal dendrites (green). The images are maximal intensity projections of the first 100 mm of the cortex before and 30 min after photoactivation of circulating Rose Bengal; (b and c) quantification of red blood cell (RBC) velocity and dendritic spine number for the animal shown in panel a; (d) dendritic structure was completely lost within 30 min of photothrombosis. Residual blood flow after stroke was zero and reperfusion did not occur. Apparent clotting and breakdown of capillaries were seen 30 min after photothrombosis []. This figure was reprinted from Ref. []
Fig.6  Relationship between synaptic circuit damage and local blood flow. Cartoon of a cross-section through the rodent cortex showing the stroke core (black) and penumbra (lighter shades of gray) [] after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, a common experimental stroke model. The core has<20% of baseline blood flow and fails to regain its fine dendritic structure after reperfusion []. In the penumbra, blood flow increases moving toward the midline as tissues in this region are supplied by other artery systems that were not blocked during the stroke. Within the penumbra, some loss of dendrite structure will reverse when reperfusion occurs and this is where rewiring over longer time scales will occur to replace connectivity lost due to ischemia [–]. This figure was reprinted from Ref. []
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