Large group-index bandwidth product empty core slow light photonic crystal waveguides for hybrid silicon photonics

doi:10.1007/s12200-013-0384-0

Front. Optoelectron.

2014, Vol. 7

Issue (3) : 376-384 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-013-0384-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Large group-index bandwidth product empty core slow light photonic crystal waveguides for hybrid silicon photonics

Charles CAER,Xavier LE ROUX,Samuel SERNA,Weiwei ZHANG,Laurent VIVIEN,Eric CASSAN(

)

Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, University Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8622, Bat. 220, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

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Abstract

This paper investigates the slow light propagation in silicon on insulator wide slot photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs). Two design schemes are presented, relying on the dispersion engineering of hole lattice and slot, respectively. Mode patterns and band diagrams are calculated by 3D-plane wave expansion method. Then, coupling and slow light propagations are modeled using finite difference time domain method in a full Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Results show high amplitudes interference fringes and high coupling efficiencies. Fabrication and measurement of devices lead to slow light propagation with group indices above 50, while multiple scattering and localized modes near the band edge also observed. This study provides insights for losses in hollow core slot high group index waveguides.

Keywords silicon photonics photonic crystals (PC) slot waveguides slow waves

Corresponding Author(s): Eric CASSAN

Issue Date: 09 September 2014

Cite this article:

Charles CAER,Xavier LE ROUX,Samuel SERNA, et al. Large group-index bandwidth product empty core slow light photonic crystal waveguides for hybrid silicon photonics[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2014, 7(3): 376-384.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-013-0384-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2014/V7/I3/376

Fig.1 (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a SPCW; (b) SEM image of a CPCW

Fig.2 (a) Even guided “W1” mode originating from the W1 line defect. Inset: ?|E|² pattern; (b) even guided “slot” mode coming from the slot waveguide. Inset: ?|E|² pattern; (c) unit cell implemented for PWE simulations with all parameters used for dispersion engineering

Fig.3 (a) Band diagram of the engineered “slot” mode (red curve). Green curve is the “W1” mode and the blue one the odd mode.. Inset: Unit cell; (b) corresponding group index; (c) cross-section of the ?|E|² pattern at k = 0.43; (d) view of ?|E|² pattern in xy plane at k = 0.43. Parameters of structure are: W1.25, W2= 0.65, W3= 0.45, W_slot = 0.2625a, dx = 0, dy = 0.35a, l = 0.8, r₁ = 0.25a, r₂ = 0.2875a

Fig.4 (a) Band diagram of the engineered “W1” mode (green curve). Red curve is “slot” mode and the blue one is the odd mode. The dashed curve is silica light line. Inset: Unit cell; (b) corresponding group index; (c) cross-section of ?|E|² pattern at k = 0.43; (d) view of ?|E|² pattern in xy plane at k = 0.43. Parameters of structure are: W1.25, W2= 0.65, W3= 0.45, W_slot = 0.25a, dx = 0.5a, dy = 0.35a, l = 0.75, r₁ = 0.2325a, r₂ = 0.2875a

Fig.5 (a) Representation of the simulated structure by FDTD; (b) detailed view of the input taper and the central part of the PCW; (c) transmission diagram of structure with strong interference fringes; (d) zoom on e interference fringes and calculated group index, exhibiting a flat band slow light; (e) ?|E|² pattern in photonic crystal for a continuous wave at λ = 1621 nm, confirming high confinement within comb

Fig.6 From left to right and top to bottom: optical microscope view of the MZI and a SPCW, SEM micrograph of strip-to-slot taper, SEM micrograph of a SPCW, SEM micrograph of a CPCW

Fig.7 (a) Transmission diagram of MZI containing a SPCW with extracted group indices from interference fringes; (b) transmission diagram of MZI containing a CPCW with extracted group indices from interference fringes

Fig.8 Transmission spectrum of a 300 μm long CPCW. Disorder-induced multiple scattering arising from Anderson localization is clearly visible at the band edge

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