Terahertz pulse imaging in archaeology

doi:10.1007/s12200-014-0446-y

Front. Optoelectron.

2015, Vol. 8

Issue (1) : 81-92 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-014-0446-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Terahertz pulse imaging in archaeology

J. Bianca JACKSON^1,^2,^*(

),Julien LABAUNE¹,Rozenn BAILLEUL-LESUER³,Laura D'ALESSANDRO³,Alison WHYTE³,John W. BOWEN²,Michel MENU⁴,Gerard MOUROU¹

1. Institute de la Lumière Extrême, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
2. School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading, UK
3. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
4. Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, Paris, France

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Abstract

The work presented in this paper was performed at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, on objects from their permanent collection: an ancient Egyptian bird mummy and three ancient Sumerian corroded copper-alloy objects. We used a portable, fiber-coupled terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopic imaging system, which allowed us to measure specimens in both transmission and reflection geometry, and present time- and frequency-based image modes. The results confirm earlier evidence that THz imaging can provide complementary information to that obtainable from X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) scans of mummies, giving better visualisation of low density regions. In addition, we demonstrated that THz imaging can distinguish mineralized layers in metal artifacts.

Keywords terahertz (THz) time-domain imaging spectroscopy non-destructive evaluation archaeology

Corresponding Author(s): J. Bianca JACKSON

Just Accepted Date: 27 August 2014 Online First Date: 28 October 2014 Issue Date: 13 February 2015

Cite this article:

J. Bianca JACKSON,Julien LABAUNE,Rozenn BAILLEUL-LESUER, et al. Terahertz pulse imaging in archaeology[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2015, 8(1): 81-92.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-014-0446-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2015/V8/I1/81

Fig.1 Photograph of ancient Egyptian bird mummy (OIM E9164) [15]

Fig.2 Photo of corroded copper-alloy fragment cross-section [17]

Fig.3 Photographs of corroded copper-alloy (a) cup A (OIM A11280A, 12 cm diameter) and cup B (OIM A11399A, 10 cm diameter) [17]

Fig.4 Diagram of typical copper-based corrosion layers

Fig.5 Photographs of the (a) transmission [15] and (b) reflection setups

Fig.6 Air and foam support reference (a) time domain signal; (b) transmission spectra and (c) refractive index and absorption spectra for the foam support

Fig.7 Terahertz transmission image of bird mummy {color scale: white/yellow = higher transmission, black/violet = lower transmission}

Fig.8 Select (offset) time-domain waveforms from (a) torso region and (b) leg region; (c) spectral waveforms from bird mummy transmission signals

Fig.9 X-ray computed tomography scan of Egyptian bird mummy E9164 [14] {Courtesy of Charles Pelizzari and Christian Wietholt}

Fig.10 (a) Peak to peak amplitude terahertz reflection image; (b) cross-sectional b-scan image; and (c) select time-domain signals (offset) [17]

Fig.11 Transmission images calculated using THz pulse minimum peak amplitude for (a) cup A and (b) cup B {color scale, same: white/yellow = high transmission, black/violet = low transmission}

Fig.12 Minimum peak time-of-flight for transmission signals through (a) cup A and (b) cup B {color scale, same: white/yellow = shortest time-of-flight [132 ps], black/violet = longest time-of-flight [142 ps]}

Fig.13 (a) Transmission factor, h, map of cup B; (b) and (c) select frequency- and time-domain (inset) waveforms

Fig.14 Photographs of the bottom sides of (a) cup A and (b) cup B

Fig.15 (a) Terahertz pulse reflection minimum peak image of cup A {color scale: white/yellow = low reflection, black/violet = high reflection}; and (b) select cross-sectional b-scan, sliced at green line in (a)

Fig.16 (a) Terahertz pulse reflection minimum peak image of cup B {color scale: white/yellow = low reflection, black/violet = high reflection}; and (b) select cross-sectional b-scan, sliced at pink line in (a)

Fig.17 Frequency-domain power integration between 1.0 and 2.0 THz image of cup B {color scale: white/yellow = low reflection, black/violet = high reflection}

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