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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

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Front. Optoelectron.    2014, Vol. 7 Issue (3) : 348-358    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-014-0449-8
REVIEW ARTICLE
Carrier recovery in coherent receiver of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system
Changyuan YU1,2,*(),Pooi-Yuen KAM1,Shengjiao CAO2
1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
2. A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Singapore 138632, Singapore
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Abstract

In this paper, we reviewed our common phase error (CPE) and intercarrier interference (ICI) compensation methods for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. We first presented a unified CPE estimation framework combining decision-aided (DA), pilot-aided (PA) and decision feedback (DF) algorithms. The DA method is used to estimate the CPE of the current OFDM symbol based on the decision statistics of the previous symbol. DA+ PA helps increase the phase noise tolerance of DA and reduce the overhead of PA, while DA+ DF reduces the overhead to zero, achieving best performance with one more step of estimation, compensation and demodulation. We also described a modified time-domain blind intercarrier interference (BL-ICI) mitigation algorithm over non-constant amplitude formats. The new algorithm is derived from the BL-ICI algorithm over constant amplitude format for wireless networks. A new power estimation scheme was proposed for the BL-ICI algorithm to adapt to non-constant amplitude format. It has the same order of complexity with frequency domain decision-aided ICI (DA-ICI) compensation method and does not suffer from symbol decision errors. The effectiveness of both CPE and ICI compensation algorithms were demonstrated in a simulated 56-Gbit/s CO-OFDM system with various modulation formats.
Keywords linear phase noise      coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM)      common phase error (CPE)      decision-aided (DA)      intercarrier interference (ICI)     
Corresponding Author(s): Changyuan YU   
Online First Date: 14 August 2014    Issue Date: 09 September 2014
 Cite this article:   
Changyuan YU,Pooi-Yuen KAM,Shengjiao CAO. Carrier recovery in coherent receiver of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2014, 7(3): 348-358.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-014-0449-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2014/V7/I3/348
Fig.1  Simulation setup for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. S/P: serial to parallel; P/S: parallel to serial; DAC: digital to analog converter; ADC: analog to digital converter; Mod.: modulator; EDFA: erbium doped fiber amplifier
Fig.2  Phase estimation algorithm of DA + PA (Dk,i(1),0γ), DA + DF (Dk,i(2),γ=), PA + DF (Dk,i(2),γ=0) and DA + PA + DF (Dk,i(2),0γ) (Comp: compensation; Demod: demodulation)
methodcomplex multiplications for phase estimationcomplex multiplications for phase compensationtotal complex multiplicationsdemodulation
DANN2 N1 time
PANpNN +Np1 time
DA + PAN +NpN2N +Np1 time
DA + DF2 N2N4 N2 times
DDPE3 N2 N5 N2 times
Tab.1  Complexity comparison of different methods: DA [25,26], PA [14], DA + PA [26], DA + DF [26] and DDPE [17]
Fig.3  Blind ICI mitigation algorithm for non-constant amplitude format using average signal power or approximate signal power
Fig.4  BER curves of PA2/4/8, DDPE, DA, DA + PA2/4, DA + DF and coherent (no phase noise) for (a) QPSK, 100-kHz laser linewidth; (b) 16-QAM, 20-kHz laser linewidth
Fig.5  (a) Required total Eb/N0 value at BER = 10-3 or 10-4 versus Np of PA and DA + PA method for 100-kHz laser linewidth (QPSK); (b) the required total Eb/N0 of PA2/4/8, DDEP, DA, DA + PA2/4 and DA + DF versus laser linewidth (QPSK).
BL-ICI (average)DA-ICI
N-point DFTNB + 11
demodulation12
matrix inversion(NB-1)×(N B-1)(2u + 1) ×(2u + 1)
Tab.2  Computational complexity comparison between BL-ICI (average) and DA-ICI
Fig.6  Phase noise realization and its time-averages over the subblocks before (phase noise: green solid, average: red solid) and after (phase noise: blue solid, average: black dashed) ICI compensation when v = 100 kHz for different knowledge of Ek: (a) perfect, (b) average, (c) approximate and (d) two iterations
Fig.7  (a) Required effective SNRb versus laser linewidth for back-to-back 16-QAM CO-OFDM system using different knowledge of Ek; (b) BER versus SNRb with different knowledge of Ek at 100-kHz laser linewidth for different modulation formats: M-QAM (M = 8, 16, 32, 64)
Fig.8  Required OSNR versus laser linewidth after 2-span transmission for (a) 16-QAM (BER = 10-3) and (b) 64-QAM (BER = 3.8×10-3) OFDM using PA CPE compensation only, DA-ICI and BL-ICI with average signal power
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[1] Xinwei DU, Pooi-Yuen KAM, Changyuan YU. Joint timing and frequency synchronization in coherent optical OFDM systems[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2019, 12(1): 4-14.
[2] Jean TEMGA,Deming LIU,Minming ZHANG. Improved pilot data aided feed forward based on maximum likelihood for carrier phase jitter recovery in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2014, 7(4): 493-500.
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