Femtosecond laser processing of microcavity lasers

doi:10.1007/s12200-016-0581-8

Front. Optoelectron.

2016, Vol. 9

Issue (3) : 420-427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0581-8

REVIEW ARTICLE

Femtosecond laser processing of microcavity lasers

Xuepeng ZHAN, Huailiang XU(

), Hongbo SUN(

)

State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

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Abstract

In this paper, we reviewed the fabrications of functional microcavity lasers in soft materials such as polymer and protein by femtosecond laser processing. High-quality (Q) microdisks with a laser dye (Rhodamine B, RhB) acting as gain medium were fabricated that produced whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) lasing output. We also obtained unidirectional lasing output with a low lasing threshold in a deformed spiral microcavity at room temperature. Photonic-molecule (PM) microlasers were prepared to investigate the interaction and coupling effects of different cavities, and it was found that the distance between the two disks plays an important role in the lasing behaviors. Single-mode lasing was realized from a stacked PM microlaser through Vernier effect. Furthermore we adopted the biocompatible materials, RhB-doped proteins as a host material and fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) WGM microlaser, which operated well both in air and aqueous environment. The sensing of the protein microlasers to Na₂SO₄ concentration was investigated. Our results of fabricating high-Q microlasers with different materials reveal the potential applications of femtosecond laser processing in the areas of integrated optoelectronic and ultrahigh sensitive bio-sensing devices.

Keywords femtosecond laser processing microcavity lasers polymer protein

Corresponding Author(s): Huailiang XU,Hongbo SUN

Just Accepted Date: 03 August 2016 Online First Date: 06 September 2016 Issue Date: 28 September 2016

Cite this article:

Xuepeng ZHAN,Huailiang XU,Hongbo SUN. Femtosecond laser processing of microcavity lasers[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(3): 420-427.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-016-0581-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2016/V9/I3/420

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of homebuilt femtosecond laser processing system [35]

Fig.2 (a) Absorption spectra of RhB (circle), RhB-doped SU-8 (square) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the mixed resin (diamond); (b) light output versus pumping laser intensity; (c) zoomed-in light output versus pumping laser intensity; (d) emission spectrum in the spectral range of 560– 680 nm; (e) emission spectra of microdisk laser at different pumping intensities [38]

Fig.3 (a) Room temperature emission spectra of the spiral-shaped disk microlaser. Inset: lasing intensity distribution measured with the signal emitted from different angles; (b) FDTD simulation results of spectral mode structure with the intensity distribution of the mode at 631.65 nm (inset) [43]

Fig.4 SEM pictures of planar PM microlasers [35]

Fig.5 (a) Schematic diagram of 3D PM microcavity lasers; (b) principle of single-mode lasing via Vernier effect; (c) three lasers are shown by simply changing a small smout of size, temperature, etc. The lasing wavelength can be modulated in a wide range; (d) emission spectrum of 3D PM lasers at different pumping intensities with diameters of 18 and 30 mm. Inset: light output versus the pumping intensity; (e) spectrum with more modes is shown, indicating the Vernier effect [46]

Fig.6 (a) PL spectra from a 60-mm-diameter protein-based 3D WGM microlaser in pure water. Inset: optical microscopic image; (b) lasing spectrum of test number 7 at room temperature; (c) peak values of PL spectra from the protein-based 3D WGM microlaser versus different pumping intensities. Insets: optical microscopic fluorescent images of samples; (d) 3D-waterfall arranged lasing spectra from the protein-based 3D WGM microlaser in aqueous solutions with increasing Na₂SO₄ concentrations with pumping intensity of ~ 2.0 mW/mm²; (e) 2D stacked lasing spectra in (d); (f) wavelength blueshift of a particular peak in lasing spectra along with Na₂SO₄ concentration increasing [47]

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