Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating scheme based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide for an optical arbitrary waveform measurement

doi:10.1007/s12200-017-0660-5

Front. Optoelectron.

2017, Vol. 10

Issue (1) : 70-79 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0660-5

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating scheme based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide for an optical arbitrary waveform measurement

Chenwenji WANG,Peili LI(

),Yuying GAN,Di CAO,Xiaozheng QIAO,Chen HE

School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

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Abstract

This study proposes a novel scheme of a cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (X-FROG) measurement for an optical arbitrary waveform (OAW) based on the sum frequency generation (SFG) effect of a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. Based on the SFG effect and combined with the principal component generalized projects algorithm on a matrix, the theory model of the scheme is established. Using Matlab, the proposed OAW measurement X-FROG scheme using the PPLN waveguide is simulated and studied. Simulation results show that a rectangular pulse is a suitable gate pulse because of its low errors. Moreover, the increased complexity of OAW and phase mismatch decrease measurement accuracy.

Keywords optical arbitrary waveform (OAW) measurement periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (X-FROG)

Corresponding Author(s): Peili LI

Online First Date: 24 January 2017 Issue Date: 17 March 2017

Cite this article:

Chenwenji WANG,Peili LI,Yuying GAN, et al. Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating scheme based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide for an optical arbitrary waveform measurement[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2017, 10(1): 70-79.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-017-0660-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2017/V10/I1/70

Fig.1 Schematic of X-FROG measurement for optical arbitrary waveforms using the PPLN waveguide. OAW: optical arbitrary waveform; LD: laser diode; MZM: Mach-Zehnder modulator; BPG: bit pattern generator; OC: optical coupler; PPLN: periodically poled lithium niobate; TF: tunable filter; CCD: charge-coupled device; OSA: optical spectrum analyzer

Fig.2 Measured X-FROG traces of an arbitrary waveform (TBP= 1.256). (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; (b) retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse; (c) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; (d) intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace

Fig.3 Measured X-FROG traces of the arbitrary waveform (TBP= 11.24). (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; (b) retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse; (c) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; (d) intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace

Fig.4 Measured X-FROG traces of the arbitrary waveform (TBP= 57.59). (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; (b) retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse; (c) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; (d) intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace

Fig.5 Measured X-FROG traces of arbitrary waveform (when the gate pulse is chirped). (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; (b) retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse; (c) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; (d) intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace

Fig.6 Measured X-FROG traces of the arbitrary waveform (when the gate pulse is Gaussian). (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; (b) retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse;(c) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; (d) intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace

Fig.7 Measured X-FROG traces of the arbitrary waveform (when the gate pulse is rectangular). (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; (b) retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse; (c) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; (d) intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace

Fig.8 Measured X-FROG traces of the arbitrary waveform. (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse when the waveguide length L is (b) 20?mm, (c) 25?mm, and (d) 30?mm; (e) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace when the waveguide length L is (f) 20?mm, (g) 25?mm, and (h) 30?mm

Tab.1 Values of A and P in the case of different L

Fig.9 Measured X-FROG traces of the arbitrary waveform. (a) Original FROG trace of the signal pulse; retrieved FROG trace of the signal pulse when the polarization period mismatched is (b) 0?nm, (c) 3?nm, and (d) 6?nm; (e) intensity (blue) and phase (red) of the original FROG trace; intensity and phase of the retrieved FROG trace when the polarization period mismatching is (f) 0?nm, (g) 3?nm, and (h) 6?nm

$Δ Λ$ /nm	A	P
0	$6.7923 × 10 - 10$	0.18365
3	5.9712 × 10^-⁹	0.25371
6	9.4727 × 10^-⁸	0.51026

Tab.2 Values of A and P in the case of different polarization period mismatches

Δ Λ

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