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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

ISSN 2095-2759

ISSN 2095-2767(Online)

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Front. Optoelectron.    2019, Vol. 12 Issue (1) : 31-40    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-018-0834-9
REVIEW ARTICLE
Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing over conventional multi-mode fiber with intensity modulation and direct detection
Juhao LI1(), Zhongying WU1, Dawei GE1, Jinglong ZHU1, Yu TIAN1, Yichi ZHANG2, Jinyi YU1, Zhengbin LI1, Zhangyuan CHEN1, Yongqi HE1
1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, Wuhan 430074, China
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Abstract

Multi-mode fiber (MMF) links are expected to greatly enhance capacity to cope with rapidly increasing data traffic in optical short-reach systems and networks. Recently, mode division multiplexing (MDM) over MMF has been proposed, in which different modes in MMF are utilized as spatial channels for data transmission. Strongly-coupled MDM techniques utilizing coherent detection and multiplex-input-multiplex-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) are complex and expensive for short-reach transmission. So the weakly-coupled approach by significantly suppressing mode coupling in the fiber and optical components has been proposed. In this way, the signals in each mode can be independently transmitted and received using conventional intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD). In this paper, we elaborate the key technologies to realize weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional MMF, including mode characteristic in MMF and weakly-coupled mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX). We also present the up-to-date experimental results for weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional OM3 MMF. We show that weakly-coupled MDM scheme is promising for high-speed optical interconnections and bandwidth upgrade of already-deployed MMF links.
Keywords multi-mode fiber (MMF)      mode division multiplexing (MDM)      weak mode coupling      intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD)     
Corresponding Author(s): Juhao LI   
Just Accepted Date: 21 September 2018   Online First Date: 31 October 2018    Issue Date: 29 April 2019
 Cite this article:   
Juhao LI,Zhongying WU,Dawei GE, et al. Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing over conventional multi-mode fiber with intensity modulation and direct detection[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2019, 12(1): 31-40.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-018-0834-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2019/V12/I1/31
Fig.1  Architecture of weakly-coupled MDM system
Fig.2  Effective refractive indices of the spatial modes as a function of fiber core radius at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The red lines indicate the selected spatial modes as independent spatial channels
Fig.3  Schematic diagrams of (a) all-fiber mode MUX and (b) all-fiber mode DEMUX
input port (0 dBm) optical power at the output port/dBm
LP01 LP11 LP21 LP31
LP01 −9.5 −36.7 −36.6 −38.3
LP11 −27.9 −17.3 −33.2 −36.3
LP21 −35.5 −33.2 −17.8 −34.6
LP31 −39.2 −37.4 −35.2 −18.2
Tab.1  Output optical power at the output ports of mode DEMUX in BTB configuration
Fig.4  Picture of the fabricated (a) mode MUX and (b) mode DEMUX. The red circles indicate the MSCs
Fig.5  Mode patterns at the output port of mode MUX when signal power is launched to each input port
Fig.6  Experimental setup for 4-mode MDM transmission over 500-m OM3 MMF
Fig.7  BER curves of the received 10-Gb/s OOK signals for (a) one-mode and (b) 4-mode MDM transmission over 500-m OM3 MMF
Fig.8  Optical eye diagrams of the received 10-Gb/s OOK signals for (a) one-mode and (b) 4-mode MDM transmission over 500-m OM3 MMF
Fig.9  Experimental setup for 3×4×10-Gb/s MDM-WDM transmission
Fig.10  Optical spectra of (a) transmitted WDM signals in WA scheme, (b) transmitted WDM signals in WI scheme and (c) received WDM signals after WI transmission over 7-km MMF
Fig.11  Q-factors of received WDM channels on (a) LP01, (b) LP11 and (c) LP21 modes in the scenarios of WA and WI transmission schemes
Fig.12  (a)−(c) Electrical eye diagrams of CH2, CH6 and CH10 in WA and WI schemes
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