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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

ISSN 2095-2759

ISSN 2095-2767(Online)

CN 10-1029/TN

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Front. Optoelectron.    2020, Vol. 13 Issue (4) : 360-370    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1094-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Attenuation correction technique for fluorescence analysis of biological tissues with significantly different optical properties
Tatiana A. SAVELIEVA1,2(), Marina N. KURYANOVA2, Ekaterina V. AKHLYUSTINA2, Kirill G. LINKOV1, Gennady A. MEEROVICH1,2, Victor B. LOSCHENOV1,2
1. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
2. National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow115409, Russia
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Abstract

During intraoperative fluorescence navigation to remove various neoplasms and during pharmacokinetic studies of photosensitizers in laboratory animals, in many cases, the ratio of photosensitizer accumulation in the tumor and normal tissue can reach ≥10-fold, which inevitably changes their optical properties. At the same time, the tumor formation process causes various metabolic and structural changes at cellular and tissue levels, which lead to changes in optical properties. A hardware–software complex for the spectral–fluorescence studies of the content of fluorochromes in biological tissues with significantly different optical properties was developed, and it was tested on optical phantoms with various concentrations of photosensitizers, absorbers, and scatterers. To correct the influence of optical properties on the photosensitizer concentration analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy, we propose the spectrum-processing algorithm, which combines empirical and theory-based approaches.
Keywords fluorescence      spectroscopy      scattering      absorption      attenuation correction      optical phantoms     
Corresponding Author(s): Tatiana A. SAVELIEVA   
Just Accepted Date: 13 November 2020   Online First Date: 09 December 2020    Issue Date: 31 December 2020
 Cite this article:   
Tatiana A. SAVELIEVA,Marina N. KURYANOVA,Ekaterina V. AKHLYUSTINA, et al. Attenuation correction technique for fluorescence analysis of biological tissues with significantly different optical properties[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2020, 13(4): 360-370.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-020-1094-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2020/V13/I4/360
Fig.1  (a) Block diagram of a spectral analyzer for the simultaneous recording of fluorescence and diffuse reflection spectra with a filter system for recording fluorescence of photosensitizers in the near-infrared range. (b) Scheme of signal formation in the fiber-optic probe
parameter value
fat emulsion concentration/% 0.5 1 2 4 8
µ′s (550 nm)/cm−1 7.5 15 30 60 120
µ′s (632 nm)/cm−1 6.5 13 26 52 104
µ′s (700 nm)/cm−1 5.5 11 22 44 88
Tab.1  Content of fat emulsion in optical phantoms and the corresponding values of the scattering coefficient in three spectral ranges in accordance with Ref. [3]
parameter value
blood content in tissues (% or mL/100 g) 1 2 4 8
Hb in tissue/(mmol·L-1) 0.024 0.048 0.096 0.192
HbO2µa (550 nm)/cm−1 2.235 4.47 8.94 17.88
Hbµa (550 nm)/cm−1 2.775 5.55 11.1 22.2
HbO2µa (632 nm)/cm−1 0.032 0.064 0.128 0.256
Hbµa (632 nm)/cm-1 0.267 0.534 1.068 2.136
HbO2 µa (700 nm)/cm−1 0.015 0.03 0.06 0.12
Hb µa (700 nm)/cm−1 0.093 0.186 0.372 0.744
Tab.2  Blood content in optical phantoms and the corresponding values of the absorption coefficient in two spectral ranges in accordance with Ref. [17]
Fig.2  (a) Dependence of diffusely reflected laser radiation on the concentration of fat emulsion for different fluorophore concentrations, marked with different colors. (b) Dependence of fluorescence intensity on the fluorophore concentration for different concentrations of fat emulsion, marked in different colors
Fig.3  Dependence of fluorescence index on the concentration of fat emulsion for different exposure values (in ms) for 1?mg/L of PpIX (without hemoglobin)
Fig.4  Effect of the concentration of the scatterer (along the x-axis) and absorber (graphs are marked in different colors) on the fluorescence index for (a) 1?mg/L of PpIX and (b) 10?mg/L of PpIX and initial fluorescence and diffuse reflection dependencies for (c) 1?mg/L of PpIX and (d) 10?mg/L of PpIX
Fig.5  Attenuation correction for fluorescence signal with linear approximation for (a) 1?mg/L of PpIX and (b) 10?mg/L of PpIX
Fig.6  Attenuation correction for fluorescence signal with the power law approximation for (a) 1 mg/L of PpIX and (b) 10 mg/L of PpIX
Fig.7  Attenuation correction for fluorescence signal using the combined Beer–Lambert law approximation for (a) 1?mg/L of PpIX and (b) 10?mg/L of PpIX
approximation type average variation in determining the photosensitizer concentration for phantoms with 1 mg/L of PpIX/% average variation in determining the photosensitizer concentration for phantoms with 10 mg/L of PpIX/%
fluorescence index 13 28
linear approximation 16 15
power-law approximation 11.6 9.6
combined (Lambert–Beer law and diffuse approximation) 14 18.5
Tab.3  Results of fluorescence attenuation correction with different approximations
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